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resources and limited access to legal forums beyond expansion and sustainable development for all
national borders, e.g., in foreign or international courts. countries. Consequently, environmental policy should
The CPEC involves numerous large-scale not become a means to unnecessarily hinder global
development projects. These endeavors must be trade. An important principle is recognized as the rule
managed through updated and mutually agreed-upon that whoever pollutes the environment should also bear
environmental enforcement mechanisms. Valuable financial responsibility for this pollution. States are
insights can be acquired from existing environmental obliged to inform each other about possible elements
practices around the world, including studies of or activities that may have harmful transboundary
developed nations. Therefore, China and Pakistan consequences.
should integrate appropriate environmental provisions Sustainable development requires a global scientific
within their trade agreements, explicitly addressing understanding of problems, and therefore, states need
the potential environmental damage that might arise to share knowledge and new technologies to achieve
under the CPEC, a central component of China’s Belt sustainable development. In order to achieve sustainable
and Road Initiative. This study underlines potential development, the full participation of women is
legal complications relating to environmental law necessary, as well as the creative efforts, ideas, and
enforcement across borders, highlighting the immediate courage of young people in understanding indigenous
need for deeper environmental cooperation between peoples. The state must recognize and support the
both countries. independence, culture, and interests of indigenous
China and Pakistan’s new infrastructure development peoples. 33
partnership under CPEC requires arrangements to The Rio Declaration on Environment and
ensure high environmental standards. However, no Development unequivocally stated the devastating
specific independent environmental treaty or explicit impact of war on sustainable development and recorded
environmental provisions are currently in place between the obligation of states to respect international law that
them. ensures environmental protection during armed conflicts,
China has become a significant player in the Arctic and to cooperate in further sustainable development,
Ocean governance, adhering to the agreement to since development, peace, and environmental protection
prevent unregulated commercial fishing. However, a are interdependent and inseparable.
shared legal framework is still needed. This absence of
a comprehensive legal regime offers China influence on 4. Conclusion
environmental governance and potential access to Arctic
fisheries in the future. China has invested considerably In Ukraine, the foundational principles and
in infrastructure, economic security research, and advancement of environmental law are significantly
shipbuilding technology, such as ice-resistant shaped by the nation’s Constitution, as well as by
liquefied natural gas carriers, reflecting a peaceful international agreements and legal instruments. The
approach to resource management, conservation, and Constitution of Ukraine proclaims the human right to a
ocean governance. If managed well, with long-term safe environment and obliges the state to take measures
cooperation, China’s future fishing rights in the Arctic to protect it. This is the fundamental principle on which
can be legitimized. China, being the closest continental all environmental legislation in Ukraine is based.
state to the Arctic Circle, holds a prominent stake and is International treaties to which Ukraine has acceded
making substantial contributions toward the sustainable constitute an important source of environmental
development of the Arctic through investment in various law. They contain norms regulating a wide range
sectors, scientific research, environmental security of environmental issues, such as climate change,
efforts, and sustainable use of fisheries. In summary, environmental pollution, transboundary environmental
China’s Arctic policy is carefully designed. By asserting problems, conservation of biological diversity, etc.
legal claims over fisheries resources and acquiring International legal acts adopted by international
global recognition for its presence in Arctic governance, organizations can also be sources of environmental
it has strengthened its Polar Silk Road vision and the law in Ukraine. All these sources of law are closely
Belt and Road Initiative for future endeavors. 32 interrelated and complement each other.
International collaboration is crucial for developing Ukraine’s foundational law, the Constitution, lays
an open economic system, leading to economic out the groundwork for environmental safeguarding.

Volume 22 Issue 3 (2025) 160 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025160118