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Advanced Neurology

REVIEW ARTICLE
Neurological complications of coronavirus

disease 2019 and the underlying mechanisms

1
1
Zhiyuan Yang , Chenglu Mao , Qiaochu Guan , Weiping Lv , Yanan Huang ,
3
3
2
Huahong Zhu and Yun Xu 1,5,6,7 *
4
1 Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University,
Nanjing, China
2 Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of
Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
3 Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University,
Nanjing, China
4 Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical
University, Nanjing, China
5 The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing
University, Nanjing, China
6 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing,
China
7 Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, China Nanjing Neurology Clinic Medical
Center, Nanjing, China

Abstract

The recent global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although respiratory
symptoms are the primary manifestation of the majority of COVID-19 patients, an
*Corresponding author:
Yun Xu (xuyun20042001@aliyun. increasing number of neurological symptoms and manifestations of COVID-19 have
com) been observed. In this review, we detail the neurological complications of COVID-19,
Citation: Yang Z, Mao C, such as gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions, stroke, memory decline, muscle injury,
Guan Q, et al., 2022, Neurological and seizures. Furthermore, we introduce neural invasion mechanism underlying
complications of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection and, further, explain the occurrence of these complications.
disease 2019 and the underlying
mechanisms. Adv Neuro, 1(2): 83. This review offers insights into the neurological signs and symptoms of COVID-19,
https://doi.org/10.36922/an.v1i2.83 which may help improve the prognosis of the infected patients.
Received: May 5, 2022
Accepted: July 7, 2022 Keywords: COVID-19; Neurological complications; Clinic characteristics; Neural invasion
Published Online: August 18, 2022
Copyright: © 2022 Author(s).
This is an Open-Access article 1. Introduction
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
License, permitting distribution, [1]
and reproduction in any medium, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a global pandemic . At present, there
provided the original work is are over 100 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide, with more than 6
properly cited. million deaths. Most patients with COVID-19 present with respiratory symptoms,
[2]
Publisher’s Note: AccScience such as cough and dyspnea . COVID-19 patients also exhibit manifestations of other
Publishing remains neutral with systems, which do not receive much attention despite their clinical significance. With
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional further investigations, neurological manifestations are found to be instrumental in the
affiliations. diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients; these manifestations include

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