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Global Translational Medicine Clinical algorithms in ART

1. Introduction born of Luise Brown, Robert Edwards’s first successful
human application of this procedure . An IVF program
[5]
Artificial intelligence (AI) in medical issues management is divided into four separate phases, each responsible,
can improve the accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness of at different percentages, for the final result: Controlled
health-care delivery, leading to better patient outcomes ovarian stimulation (COS) to obtain multiple oocytes [6,7] ,
and improved public health. AI leads to deep analysis of laboratory treatments for fertilization , embryo
[8]
complex systems detection and to building up provisions differentiation , and ET . Key performance index (KPI)
[9]
[10]
to prospectively manage dynamic changes in our society. detects optimal single-step performance compared with
The future fertility outcomes are a key input to estimating good medical and laboratory standard procedures leading
future population size, depending on the social custom to optimizing chances of implantation and live birth [11,12] .
and economic safe of populations of different countries.
Population size and age structure modifications might have The gold standard of the single steps of this procedure
dramatic economic, social, and geopolitical impacts in is now entering the era of being managed by AI rather
many countries. On the other hand, forecasting mortality, than human controls. However, there have been mixed
fertility, infertility treatments, migration, and population results, presented with some positive evidence and some
are the necessary prerequisite for the sustainable ineffective applications. To optimize the results, periodic
development of the human condition. Infertility, defined internal and external checks of these KPIs are essential.
as a failure to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of regular This has already been established as a standard by various
unprotected sexual intercourse, affects 8.8% of US women registers in the world, and reports are sent for diagnosis
[13]
[1]
aged 15 – 49 years and is often associated with significant of various parameters such as entry, age of the partners ,
psychological distress . type of therapeutic approach, supply of gametes, and
[2]
accessory pathologies .
[14]
The highest and lowest fertility rates in countries
[3]
reported by World Bank in 2021 are shown in Table 1. The improvement of assisted reproductive technologies
In close association with that data, the infertility rates were (ART) through AI applications is crucial in the perspective
reported differently in developed regions compared to non- of declines in fertility and slow population growth related
[4]
developed ones. The prevalence rate of infertility has been to the increased trend of female educational attainment .
reported to elevate from 3.5% to 16.7% in more developed AI may be one of the most important solutions to
[4]
nations and 6.9% to 9.3% in less-developed ones . counteract the global population decline observed in the
last decades .
[15]
There has been an increase in the literate population
using contraception and assisted fertilization techniques to This review aims to focus on the already published
generate a family plan. The birth of over 8 million babies AI algorithms and mathematical models that have been
through in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) found to influence IVF efficiency, specifically embryo
programs in the world has been registered following the implantation, with data extracted from the evidence or
convincing experimental promises. This review prioritizes
Table 1. The highest and lowest fertility rates in countries the clinical algorithms rather than those applied in the
reported by World Bank in 2021 laboratory because of their evident superiority with the
help of the entire program.
Countries with the highest Countries with the lowest fertility
fertility rates (by births per rates (by births per woman) 2. Methods
woman)
1. Niger – 6.8 1. South Korea – 0.9 We performed PubMed and Cochrane searches for English
2. Somalia – 6.0 2. Puerto Rico (US territory) – 1.0 publications from January 2013 to March 2023 with keywords:
3. Congo (Dem. Rep.) – 5.8 (tie) 3. Hong Kong (China SAR) – 1.1 (tie) “Assisted reproductive technology,” “ART,” “embryo
4. Mali – 5.8 (tie) 4. Malta – 1.1 (tie) implantation,” “embryo nidation,” “endometrial receptivity,”
5. Chad – 5.6 5. Singapore – 1.1 (tie) “endometrial decidualization,” “aneuploidy,” “embryo loss,”
6. Angola – 5.4 6. Macau (China SAR) – 1.2 (tie)
7. Burundi – 5.3 (tie) 7. Ukraine – 1.2 (tie) “implantation failure,” “repeated implantation failure,” “RIF,”
8. Nigeria – 5.3 (tie) 8. Spain – 1.2 (tie) “microbiome,” “early embryos miscarriage,” “early abortion,”
9. Gambia – 5.2 9. Bosnia and Herzegovina – 1.3 (tie) “endometrial omics,” “endometrial genetic assessment,”
10. Burkina Faso – 5.1 10. San Marino – 1.3 (tie) “endometriosis,” “endometritis,” “uterine abnormalities
11. Moldova – 1.3 (tie)
12. Italy – 1.3 (tie) and implantation failure,” “uterine abnormalities and early
13. Andorra – 1.3 (tie) miscarriage,” “adenomyosis and embryo implantation,”
14. Cyprus – 1.3 (tie) “thyroid,” “thrombophilia,” “immunology,” “myomas,”
15. Luxembourg – 1.3 (tie) “polyps,” “difficult embryo transfer,” “ART management,”

Volume 2 Issue 2 (2023) 2 https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.0308