Page 271 - IJB-9-2

International Journal of Bioprinting Bioprinting of β-islet-like constructs

Table 3. Recently developed 3D-printed bioartificial pancreatic tissues
Bioink material/ hydrogel Islet donor/cell type Printing technique Details Reference
Alginate/methylcellulose Rat islets Indirect extrusion The islets survived and insulin/glucagon was positive, [114]
but after glucose stimulation, increased apoptotic cell
and reduced insulin secretion in printed islets versus
free islets were seen.
Alginate, Matrigel, gelatin, Human islet, mouse islet, Direct extrusion High density of hydrogel decreased nutrient diffusion [153]
HA rat INS1E Β-cell within the gel and might hamper insulin secretion.
Alginate Mouse βTC-3 cells/rat Coaxial extrusion Formation of scaffold-free cell aggregates in the form [152]
dermal fibroblast cells of cylindrical strands could be fused together and
keep viability and functionality of cells which secret
insulin in tissue strands.
Alginate/GelMA Mouse islets, EPCs, Treg Coaxial extrusion Printing the core-shell construct, which keeps the [154,155]
mouse islets in the core and EPCs and Tregs in the
shell as an immune protective layer, reduced insulin
secretion after glucose stimulations.
PLA/Fibrinogen hESCs (SC-β-cells) Indirect extrusion Twelve weeks after implantation in subcutaneous [146]
space of non-diabetic SCID mice, serum insulin
detection and C-peptide staining was positive.
PLA Human islets Indirect extrusion Platelet-lysate matrix (PLM) enriched with VEGF- [156]
loaded scaffold was implanted subcutaneously in the
dorsum of nude mice, insulin was detected for up to
22 weeks after transplantation.
PLGA Human islets Indirect extrusion Printed scaffold induced insulin secretion and [147]
endocrine gene expression compared to gels without
3D scaffold.
Pancreatic tissue dECM Rat islets, human Direct extrusion Viability of pancreatic islets, which was printed in [157]
islets, hiPSC, INS1 and pancreatic tissue-derived decellularized extracellular
HUVEC matrix (pdECM), hydrogel was similar to that of
nonprinted islets in 3D culture after 5 days, and
coculture of HUVEC with pancreatic islets decreased
apoptotic cell in the center of islets.
PCL/pdECM hPSC/MIN6-m9 cells Micro extrusion The insulin-producing β-cells printed in porous hybrid [158]
scaffold systems was better than the nonporous-type,
3D-bioprinted pancreatic islet-like aggregates in
terms of viability and function, and induced structural
maturation and functional enhancement as well as
polarization of M1 macrophage.
Alginate/dECM and Porcine islets, HUVEC Coaxial extrusion Insulin secretion upon glucose stimulation was [159]
+
Alginate/ Fibrinogen and human MSCs maintained, and the evidence of CD31 cells
confirmed the potential formation of vessel-like
structures.
PCL/GelXA INS1, HUVEC Dual-extrusion Heparin-functionalized PCL increased VEGF [148]
LAMININK-411 (Alginate, expression and cell adhesion, and commercial mixed
GelMA, Laminin) hydrogel induced β-cell proliferation and insulin
secretion.
HA, hyaluronic acid; GelMA, gelatin methacrylate acid; EPCs, endothelial progenitor cells; Treg, regulatory T cells; PLA, polylactic acid; hESCs, human embryonic stem
cells; SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PLGA, poly (lactide-co-glycolic acid); dECM, decellularized extracellular matrix;
hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; PCL, polycaprolactone; pdECM, pancreas decellularized extracellular matrix;
hPSC, human pluripotent stem cell; CD, cluster of differentiation.
material had the potential to support the survival of islets trypsinization of tissue. The procedure aims to preserve the
and improve the efficiency and insulin production in vitro ECM while washing away cellular components and debris,
and in vivo . The available biological scaffolds are limited which effectively removes the scaffold immunogenicity .
[91]
[92]
to hydrogels and decellularized ECM (dECM). dECM can Although hydrogel provides the initial structure, the cells
be obtained by detergent washing and a process called can only move and proliferate significantly as the hydrogel

Volume 9 Issue 2 (2023) 263 http://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v9i2.665