Page 136 - IJPS-11-2

International Journal of
Population Studies Country choice for migrant entrepreneurship

Appendix

This Appendix presents the reduced version of the Q [5] 1_5 Weight: Your preference X Points
IMIGRENT index used in this study, which includes the according to legislation
following 25 questions from the six categories explained Is a foreign citizen allowed to work?
in the text: If a foreign citizen is allowed to work, both as an
1) Immigration procedures employee or as self-employed, then = 10 points; If a foreign
Q [1] 1_1 Weight: Your preference X Points citizen is only allowed to work as an employee or as self-
according to legislation employed, then = 5 points.
Is immigration possible? If a foreign citizen is not allowed to work, then = 0 points.
Is a visa or similar pre-arranged permit necessary for Q [6] 1_6 Weight: Your preference X Points
entry as a visitor for a short period of stay (<30 days)? according to legislation
If no visa, pre-arranged visa, or permit is necessary for Is recognition of foreign-issued diplomas or
entry, then = 10 points. qualifications necessary?
If a visa on arrival is necessary, with no supporting If no, then = 10 points; If yes, then = 0 points.
documents or pre-arranged procedures, then = 7 points. 2) Company registration and ownership
Q [7] 2_1 Weight: Your preference X Points
If a pre-arranged travel permit (U.S. ESTA, Australian ETA,
European Union ETIAS, etc.) is necessary, then = 5 points. according to statistics
Is it possible to freely conduct business activities
If an e-visa before arrival is necessary, then = 3 points. and not be hindered, racketeered, or blackmailed
If a sticker visa in a passport obtained through a consulate (either through official or unofficial means) by the
or visa agency is required in advance, then = 0 points. government or competitors with more power?
If yes, then = 10 points; If no, then = 0 points (Values in
Q [2] 1_2 Weight: Your preference X Points between are also possible).
according to legislation
Are the immigration procedures clear? Q [8] 2_2 Weight: Your preference X Points
according to legislation
A clear website of the immigration authorities in which Is it possible to complete the vast majority of
the user does not need more than 20 min to understand paperwork online?
the entire process and all the procedures are written in a
major international language. If yes, then = 10 points; If no, then = 0 points.
If yes, then = 10 points. If no, then change the value to 1 h Q [9] 2_3 Weight: Your preference X Points
and give 3 points (this also applies if there is no information according to legislation
in any major foreign language). Otherwise = 0 points. Can a foreign citizen obtain a digital signature that
can be used to perform all the necessary transactions
Q [3] 1_3 Weight: Your preference X Points for professional or personal issues in the same or
according to legislation similar manner as local citizens, and with the same
Does the applicant have to pay to access the immigration or similar functions?
authorities or receive a positive outcome? (e.g., being If yes, then = 10 points; If no, then = 0 points.
unable to receive an appointment when attempting to
make one for the first time and/or a different outcome if Q [10] 2_4 Weight: Your preference X Points
performing the procedure through an intermediary). according to legislation
Can a non-resident, foreign citizen open a bank
If no, then = 10 points; If yes, then = 0 points. account and perform transactions based on the
Q [4] 1_4 Weight: Your preference X Points same conditions as local citizens?
according to legislation If yes, then = 10 points; If no, then = 0 points.
Does a foreign citizen need a permit to stay in the
country indefinitely? Q [11] 2_5 Weight: Your preference X Points
according to legislation
If border runs are allowed to renew the stay, then it Can a foreign citizen be a director of his/her own
should be considered that no permit is necessary. company?
If no, then = 10 points; If yes, then = 0 points. If yes, then = 10 points; If no, then = 0 points.

Volume 11 Issue 2 (2025) 130 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.4447