Page 132 - IJPS-11-6

International Journal of
Population Studies Internal migration in Indonesia

dataset. As such, it offers a valuable historical baseline protocols for obtaining informed consent from both
for understanding migration dynamics before Indonesia’s adult and child participants were fulfilled and formally
ongoing spatial restructuring. Future research should authorized by the respective authorities before the
build on this foundation using updated data, predictive initiation of fieldwork.
modeling, or integrating spatial and administrative sources
to better capture the evolving complexity of internal Consent for publication
migration in Indonesia. Not applicable.
Finally, this study’s spatial analysis is limited to island-
level comparisons. It does not distinguish between intra- Availability of data
island variations, such as provincial disparities or urban The data supporting these findings are available at:
hierarchies, which may mask significant geographic https://www.rand.org/well-being/social-and-behavioral-
nuances in migration patterns. Future research could benefit policy/data/FLS/IFLS/access.html. Alternatively, the data
from incorporating finer spatial units to better understand are available from the corresponding author upon request.
the diversity of internal migration trajectories. In addition,
substantial geographic barriers between regions, such as References
the sea separating Java and Sumatra, are likely to impose Aassve, A., Billari, F.C., & Piccarreta, R. (2007). Strings of
significant costs and constraints on migration flows. adulthood: A sequence analysis of young british women’s
Recognizing and incorporating these physical barriers work-family trajectories. European Journal of Population,
and their influence on migration decisions would further 23(3-4), 369-388.
enrich the analysis in future studies.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-007-9134-6
Acknowledgments Abbott, A., & Tsay, A. (2000). Sequence analysis and optimal
matching methods in sociology: Review and prospect.
We would like to thank the RAND Corporation for Sociological Methods and Research, 29(1):49-64.
providing the IFLS data.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124100029001001
Funding Agrawal, S.K. (2016). Twice migrants in canada: Who are they and
This research was funded by Universitas Gadjah Mada how do they perform economically? Journal of International
through the Academic Excellence Grant Scheme A of Migration and Integration, 17(3):669-686.
2024, notification number 6513/UN1.P1/PT.01.01/2024, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-015-0428-y
dated May 30, 2024. Ananta, A., Nurvidya, E., Ari, A., & Paul, P. (2023). Does diversity

Conflict of interest matter for development? New evidence of ethnic diversity’s
mediation between internal migration and economic growth
The authors declare they have no competing interests. across Indonesia’s regions. Journal of Population Research,
40(13):1-21.
Author contributions https://doi.org/10.1007/s12546-023-09304-z
Conceptualization: All authors Bazzi, S., Gaduh, A., Rothenberg, A.D., & Wong, M. (2016). Skill
Investigation: Agus Joko Pitoyo, Nanang Widaryoko, transferability, migration, and development: Evidence from
Muhammad Arif Fahrudin Alfana population resettlement in Indonesia. American Economic
Methodology: Nanang Widaryoko Review, 106(9):2658-2698.
Writing–original draft: Nanang Widaryoko, Muhammad https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141781
Arif Fahrudin Alfana
Writing–review & editing: All authors Bernard, A. (2022a). Internal Migration as a Life-Course
Trajectory: Toward a Research Agenda on Repeat Migration.
Ethics approval and consent to participate Vol. 53. Berlin: Springer, p.171-187.
The IFLS surveys and their associated procedures https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05423-5_9
underwent rigorous ethical review and received approval Bernard, A. (2022b). Sequence analysis of lifetime internal
from IRBs in both the United States (via RAND) and migration trajectories: Onward, return, and circular
Indonesia. Specifically, IFLS1 and IFLS2 were approved migration. In: Lynch, S.M., editor. Internal Migration as
by the IRB at Universitas Indonesia, IFLS3 and IFLS4 Life-Course Trajectory: Concepts, Methods and Empirical
by the IRB at Universitas Gadjah Mada, and IFLS5 by Aplications. Berlin: Springer, p.133-146.
the IRB at Survey Meter. Consequently, all required Bernard, A., Kalemba, S., & Nguyen, T. (2022). Do internal

Volume 11 Issue 6 (2025) 126 https://doi.org/10.36922/IJPS025190084