Page 13 - IMO-2-2

Innovative Medicines & Omics Pharmacotherapy of obesity

Table 1. Summary of drug medications for obesity management
Drug (trade name)/Form Dose Mechanism of Adverse effects Contraindications FDA approval
action
Orlistat (Xenical®)/Capsules 120 mg Inhibits pancreatic Abdominal pain Chronic malabsorption 1999
3 times daily and gastric lipases, or discomfort, oily syndrome, severe liver
enzymes responsible stools, flatulence, dysfunction, pregnancy,
for breaking down diarrhea, frequent breastfeeding
dietary fats. This bowel movements,
prevents~30% of urgency to defecate
consumed fat from
being absorbed,
reducing calorie intake.
2010 for the
®
Liraglutide (Saxenda for Starting dose: 0.6 mg daily GLP-1 receptor Gastrointestinal Personal or family history treatment of Type 2
for 1 week
agonist that increases issues, hypoglycemia, of medullary thyroid
®
weight loss and Victoza Titration: increase dose insulin secretion, headache, fatigue, carcinoma or multiple diabetes (Victoza)
for Type 2 diabetes)/SC by 0.6 mg weekly until the reduces glucagon injection side endocrine neoplasia Type 2014 for chronic
injection maintenance dose of release, slows gastric reactions 2 , history of pancreatitis weight loss
3.0 mg daily emptying and or pancreatic disease, (Saxenda)
Max dose: 3.0 mg daily reduces appetite, severe gastrointestinal
helping to control disease, pregnancy,
blood glucose and breastfeeding
promoting weight
loss.
Phentermine/Topiramate Starting dose: 3.75 Phentermine Paresthesia, dry Pregnancy, glaucoma, 2012
®
(Qsymia )/Capsules mg/23 mg suppresses appetite mouth, constipation, hyperthyroidism,
Max dose: 15 mg/92 mg by stimulating insomnia, dizziness, history of cardiovascular
once daily norepinephrine altered taste disease, severe renal
release. impairment, MAOI use,
Topiramate reduces hypersensitivity
appetite and enhances
satiety through
neurotransmitter
modulation.
Naltrexone/Bupropion 32 mg/360 mg daily; 2 Naltrexone: an Gastrointestinal Seizure disorders, current 2014
®
(Contrave )/Tablets (each tablets taken twice daily. opioid antagonist issues, headache, or past eating disorders,
tablet contains 8 mg of that reduces appetite insomnia, dizziness, opioid use, uncontrolled
naltrexone and 90 mg of by modulating the dry mouth hypertension, MAOI
bupropion) brain’s reward system. use, hypersensitivity,
Bupropion: a pregnancy, breastfeeding
dopamine and
norepinephrine
reuptake inhibitor
that enhances energy
expenditure and
reduces food cravings.
®
Metreleptin (Myalept )/SC Starting dose: Mimics leptin, Headache, Pregnancy, breastfeeding, 2014
nausea, fatigue,
regulating appetite,
0.06 mg/kg/day
active or recent infection
injection
Max dose: 0.13 mg/kg/day energy balance, hypoglycemia, liver
and fat metabolism, enzyme elevation,
improving weight immune system
management in responses
leptin-deficient
conditions.
®
Setmelanotide (Imcivree )/ 1 mg once daily Activates Headache, nausea, Liver impairment, kidney 2020
Max dose: 2 mg once daily melanocortin-4
fatigue, irritability,
impairment, pregnancy
SC injection
receptors, enhancing diarrhea, and and breastfeeding
appetite regulation elevated liver
and energy balance, enzymes
specifically targeting
obesity caused by
genetic defects.
(Cont'd...)
Volume 2 Issue 2 (2025) 7 doi: 10.36922/imo.8316