Page 7 - ITPS-7-2

INNOSC Theranostics

and Pharmacological Sciences

REVIEW ARTICLE
Therapeutic small molecules in the development

of treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage

1
2
Siddharth Shah *, Abiy Tereda , Brandon Lucke-Wold , and
1
Pavel S. Pichardo-Rojas 3
1 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
2 Department of Neurosurgery, Georgetown American University, George Town, Guyana
3 The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at
Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA

Abstract

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe and often fatal condition characterized
by the accumulation of blood beneath the arachnoid layer of the meninges.
Predominantly affecting individuals in the 40–60 age range, it is commonly caused
by head trauma from falls or car accidents. Ruptures of cerebral aneurysms also
contribute significantly to SAH. Risk factors for SAH include hypertension and
smoking, and symptoms typically include severe headache and neck pain. Diagnosing
SAH typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and
imaging studies such as computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance
imaging angiography. Recent research suggests that pharmaceutical management
*Corresponding author: of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) includes the administration of recombinant
Siddharth Shah
(siddharth.dr99@gmail.com) activated factor VII, tranexamic acid, and aggressive blood pressure reduction. For
patients with significant SAH and ICH, minimally invasive surgical procedures for
Citation: Shah S, Tereda A,
Lucke-Wold B, Pichardo-Rojas PS. hematoma evacuation, as well as surgical evacuation of SAH and ICH, have proven
Therapeutic small molecules in to be highly beneficial. Furthermore, an emerging area of treatment involves
the development of treatment therapeutic small molecules designed to interrupt the pathophysiological pathways
for subarachnoid hemorrhage. leading to SAH. This novel approach holds promise for advancing our understanding
INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences. and management of this complex medical condition.
2024;7(2):2019.
doi: 10.36922/itps.2019
Keywords: Subarachnoid hemorrhage; Neurosurgery; Therapeutic small molecules;
Received: October 12, 2023
Novel therapy; Pharmacological management
Accepted: November 7, 2023
Published Online: January 11,
2024
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s). 1. Introduction
This is an Open-Access article Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains a significant contributor to both long-term
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution morbidity and mortality. This review employs a variety of research articles to guide
License, permitting distribution, readers through the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options for
and reproduction in any medium, SAH. Of particular interest are the innovative therapeutics currently under exploration
provided the original work is
properly cited. for SAH. Future directions in SAH, as well as controversial issues, current advancements,
and prognostic factors, are comprehensively addressed.
Publisher’s Note: AccScience
Publishing remains neutral with The treatment of SAH can be approached on an individualized basis, incorporating
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional combinations of newer therapies alongside previously available surgical or medical options
affiliations. tailored to address the specific needs of each patient. The selection of specific interventions

Volume 7 Issue 2 (2024) 1 doi: 10.36922/itps.2019