Page 49 - MI-1-1

Microbes & Immunity The feature of bladder cancer stem cells

high-throughput single-cell sequencing of genomics, Further disclosure
epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics from
thousands of individual cells provides new insights into the All figures are adopted from open-access articles.
occurrence and recurrence of BC. It further confirms the References
mechanisms of relevant factors and cell-cell interactions,
allowing a better understanding of BC with different 1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics
molecular subtypes. This comprehensive understanding 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality
worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin.
lays the theoretical foundation for precision medicine. 2021;71(3):209-249.
Moreover, the efficacy of single treatment methods is
often limited. Therefore, finding appropriate combination doi: 10.3322/caac.21660
therapies is essential to maximize the treatment outcomes 2. Freedman ND, Silverman DT, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A,
for patients with BC. Abnet CC. Association between smoking and risk of bladder
cancer among men and women. JAMA. 2011;306(7):737-745.
Acknowledgments
doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.1142
None. 3. Rota M, Bosetti C, Boccia S, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C.

Funding Occupational exposures to polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons and respiratory and urinary tract cancers: An
This work was supported by the Major Research Plan updated systematic review and a meta-analysis to 2014. Arch
of the National Natural Science Foundation of China Toxicol. 2014;88(8):1479-1490.
(92359202), Scientific and Technological Research doi: 10.1007/s00204-014-1296-5
Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction 4. Akhtar S, Al-Shammari A, Al-Abkal J. Chronic urinary
Corps (2022AB022), “Open Competition to Select the tract infection and bladder carcinoma risk: A meta-
Best Candidates”Key Technology Program for Nucleic analysis of case-control and cohort studies. World J Urol.
Acid Drugs of NCTIB (NCTIB2022HS01016) and the 2018;36(6):839-848.
Joint Project of Biomedical Translational Engineering doi: 10.1007/s00345-018-2206-x
Research Center of Beijing University of Chemical
Technology-China-Japan Friendship Hospital 5. Paonessa J, Beck H, Cook S. Squamous cell carcinoma of
(XK2023-21). the renal pelvis associated with kidney stones: A case report.
Med Oncol. 2011;28 Suppl 1:S392-S394.
Conflict of interest doi: 10.1007/s12032-010-9704-z
The authors declare no conflict of interest. 6. Knight A, Askling J, Granath F, Sparen P, Ekbom A.
Urinary bladder cancer in Wegener’s granulomatosis:
Author contributions Risks and relation to cyclophosphamide. Ann Rheum Dis.

Conceptualization: Liqi Yin, Zhao Yang 2004;63(10):1307-1311.
Writing-original draft: Liqi Yin doi: 10.1136/ard.2003.019125
Writing-review & editing: Zongyi Shen, Nan Zhang, Lu 7. Miyazaki J, Nishiyama H. Epidemiology of urothelial
Ying, Wenjing Zhang, Xiaoyang Chen, Youfeng Liang, carcinoma. Int J Urol. 2017;24(10):730-734.
Chunhui Li, Keying Yao, Changyuan Yu, Jiangfeng
Wang, Zhao Yang doi: 10.1111/iju.13376
8. Knowles MA, Hurst CD. Molecular biology of bladder
Ethics approval and consent to participate cancer: New insights into pathogenesis and clinical diversity.
Nat Rev Cancer. 2015;15(1):25-41.
Not applicable.
doi: 10.1038/nrc3817
Consent for publication 9. Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis and management of bladder cancer:
Not applicable. © NICE (2015) Bladder cancer: Diagnosis and management of
bladder cancer. BJU Int. 2017;120(6):755-765.
Availability of data doi: 10.1111/bju.14045
The data that support the findings of the study are available 10. Kirkali Z, Chan T, Manoharan M, et al. Bladder cancer:
from the corresponding author or other authors by email Epidemiology, staging and grading, and diagnosis. Urology.
upon reasonable request. 2005;66(6 Suppl 1):4-34.

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2024) 43 doi: 10.36922/mi.2377