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Funding*

*This should be included in the title page and back matter file
Authors should declare all financial support and sources that were used to perform the research, analysis, and/or article publication. Financial
supports are generally in the form of grants, royalties, consulting fees and others.

Conflict of interest*
*This should be included in the title page and back matter file
At the time of submission, authors must declare any (potential) conflicts or competing interests with any institutes, organizations or agencies
that might influence the integrity of results or objective interpretation of their submitted works. For more information, see our Conflict of
Interest policy.

Author contributions*
*This should be included in the title page and back matter file

This section should be included in original research articles and review articles. In Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing, we encourage
authors to use Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) in describing each contributor’s specific contribution to the scholarly output in the
Author Contributions section.
Definitions of each contributor role as per CRediT are as follows:
Contributor role Definition
Conceptualization Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.
Data curation Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including
software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later re-use.
Formal analysis Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or
synthesize study data.
Funding acquisition Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.
Investigation Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or
data/evidence collection.
Methodology Development or design of methodology; creation of models.
Project administration Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.
Resources Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation,
computing resources, or other analysis tools.
Software Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer
code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components.
Supervision Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including
mentorship external to the core team.
Validation Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of
results/experiments and other research outputs.
Visualization Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data
presentation.
Writing – original draft Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft
(including substantive translation).
Writing – review & editing Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research
group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages.

Below shows a sample Author Contributions section written based on the CRediT:
Conceptualization: Ali Jackson, Helen Meyer
Investigation: Ali Jackson, Tom Lewis-Hans, Han Xiang
Formal analysis: Han Xiang
Writing – original draft: Ali Jackson
Writing – review & editing: Helen Meyer, Joshua O’Brien

Supplementary files
This section is optional and contains all materials and figures that are excluded from the manuscript. These materials, figures or additional
information are relevant to the manuscript but remain non-essential to readers’ understanding of the manuscript’s main content. All
supplementary information should be submitted as a separate file during submission.
Supplementary figures and tables should be submitted in a single, separate supplementary file, and must be numbered, for example, Figure
S1 and Table S1. All tables must be editable (preferably created from Microsoft Word). The acceptable formats of images and illustrations
used in figures are JPEG, PNG and TIFF. Citations of these items must be appropriately referenced in the manuscript in chronological manner,