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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing Natural composite filaments for 3D-Print

intensive manual operations are being replaced by ratio. The bio-inspired solution in AM has been considered
automated processes and advanced technologies as to enhance printing patterns but, most importantly, to
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displayed in Figure 1. Additive manufacturing (AM), generate final components with comparable strength and
commonly referred to as 3D printing, is a layer-by-layer hardness as observed in nature, such as the honeycomb
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technique that has comprehensive benefits in terms of and seashell structures. 9-11 From the literature, the intricate
material usage for design optimization in comparison structure of natural materials such as bamboo was
to conventional construction techniques. This non- successfully reproduced by AM for various applications
conventional type of manufacturing has shown significant ranging from crash-absorbing components to optimized
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benefits in numerous fields with convincing results in lightweight bionic beams. Likewise, the fabrication of
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pioneering applications ranging from medical implants to complex lattice structures such as the body-centered cubic
advanced composite developments. Prospects involving lattice, which is seemingly intensive through conventional
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1-4
3D-printed constructions are substantial in key areas means, is simply rendered possible by AM. Additional
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of development whereby conventional means would lattice structures which can be machined by AM, namely
be inefficient, such as the establishment of temporary the hierarchical honeycomb, cube vertex centroid, and
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housing in remote areas. Regardless of the significant hex prism diamond, are displayed in Figure 2.
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advancement in AM, the realization of reliable 3D-printed AM technologies have drastically expanded in the last
structures of acceptable engineering standards through decade, and the utilization of commonly used materials
design optimization still demands notable attention for such as plastics, 4,8,11 cement, 17-21 and metals, 22,23 have all
further research. 5 yielded up-to-standard results. To cater for the surge in
AM enables the conceptualization of complex demand for 3D-printed products in numerous fields of
geometries with the added benefit of design optimization applications, AM technology has been developed and
for improved performance in terms of strength-to-weight transformed into a multitude of distinctive systems.
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Figure 1. Advent of new manufacturing technologies in line with Industry 4.0, including additive manufacturing technology 6

A B C

Figure 2. Lattice structures which can be machined by additive manufacturing, namely the (A) hierarchical honeycomb, (B) Tet-vertex-centroid, and
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(C) hex-prism-diamond structures

Volume 4 Issue 1 (2025) 2 doi: 10.36922/msam.8533