Page 12 - TD-1-1

Tumor Discovery Monocytes from single-cell analysis

Table 1. Origin, fate, and function of monocyte
Origin Development Cell types Subsets Surface markers Function References
Bone Bone marrow Monocytes Classical Ly6C CX3CR1 A classical monocyte frequency>19.38% [6]
hi
low
+
marrow stem cell— (CCR2 CD62L )/ before anti-PD-1 therapy initiation
+
(and Granulocyte— CD14 CD16 – means better responsiveness to
++
yolk sac Monocyte anti-PD-1 therapy and longer survival for
progenitors) progenitor cells— melanoma patients. The responsiveness
Pro-monocytes— might depend on the number of
Mature monocytes CD14 CD16 HLA-DR monocytes.
-
hi
+
+
(Ly6C inflammatory Produce VEGF and facilitate angiogenesis [81]
monocytes) via NF-κB and IL-1-IL-1R axis.
Intermediate Ly6C CD43 CX3CR1 Undefined [29]
int
hi
hi
in mouse/CD14 CD16 in
+
+
human
+
(CD14 CD16 )
++
Nonclassical Ly6C CX3CR1 CD16 monocytes (or their progeny) [81]
+
hi
low
(CCR2 CD62L )/ release VEGF, then generates a positive
-
-
CD14 CD16 ++ feedback loop that recruits more
+
pro-angiogenic monocyte-derived cells.
+
+
TEMs CD14 CD16 Tie2 + TEMs are pro-angiogenic for [85]
hepatocellular carcinoma
Macrophages TAMs F4/80 low [40]
F4/80 hi Efficiently cross-present tumor antigens [34]
to CD8 T cells
+
M (IL-4), M (Ic), M (IL-10), [103]
M (GC+TGF-β), M (GC), M
(LPS), M (LPS+IFN-γ), and
M (IFN-γ)
M1 Anti-tumor and promote immune [4]
responses
M2a, M2b Expression of the CXCL9 by TAMs [134]
regulates the recruitment and positioning
of CXCR3-expressing stem-like CD8 T.
TIE2 macrophages Benefit vasculature formation and then [86]
+
promote tumor metastasis.
Yolk sac Common Dendritic Monocytic DCs CD11b DC1 [115]
+
progenitors dendritic cells (DCs) (moDCs) CD103 DC2 Antigen processing and presentation.
+
progenitor
(CDP)—
Pre–plasmacytoid
DCs (pDCs)—
Pre–conventional
DCs (cDCs)
Myeloid-derived CD14 CD33 HLA-DR Suppress T cell function. [115]
–/lo
+
+
suppressive cells (CD11b Gr-1 Ly6C Ly6G –
+
+
+
(MDSC) cells in mice)
Monocytic (M-MDSC) Facilitate tumor growth. [137]
Granulocytic (G-MDSC) Increased G-MDSCs can be tested in [52]
many cancer types.
+
CD14 HLA-DR −/low In melanoma and hepatocarcinoma [47; 50]
patients.
CD14 , CD14 HLA-DR , Frequencies of MDSC monocytes are [134]
+
+
neg
+
+
+
CD14 PD-L1 , CD15 helpful for identifying advanced melanoma
patients and make therapeutical choices.
CD11b VEGFR1 MDSC CD11b VEGFR1 + Promote tumor angiogenesis [84]
+
+
+
VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; NK-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; IL, interleukin; IL-1R, Interleukin-1 receptor; TEMs, TIE2-expressing
monocytes/macrophages; TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; IFN-γ, interferon
gamma; CXCL9, chemokine CXC motif ligand 9; CXCR3, CXC motif chemokine receptor 3; moDCs, monocyte-derived dendritic cells
Volume 1 Issue 1 (2022) 3 https://doi.org/10.36922/td.v1i1.4