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Abstract: Conventional tumor models have historically failed to fully recapitulate the
intricate pathophysiological complexity and dynamic microenvironment of human

malignancies, significantly limiting their translational potential. The recent

convergence of microfluidic technology and 3D bioprinting has ushered in a paradigm
shift in oncology research, enabling more physiologically relevant models. This review

provides a comprehensive analysis of the limitations inherent in traditional tumor

modeling platforms and elaborates on the fundamental principles underlying

microfluidics and additive manufacturing. We systematically explore the integrated
applications of 3D-bioprinted microfluidic systems across three core domains:

engineering pathomimetic tumor models, advancing therapeutic screening platforms,

and developing high-sensitivity diagnostic tools. This interdisciplinary synergy allows

for unprecedented spatiotemporal control over the tumor microenvironment, precise
biochemical gradient formation, and seamless integration of functional biosensors. We

further discuss persistent challenges—such as material biocompatibility, fabrication

scalability, and the need for standardized validation—and propose future directions,
including the development of multi-organ-on-chip systems, stimuli-responsive

biomaterials, and AI-enhanced analytical frameworks. The continued integration of 3D

bioprinting and microfluidics holds transformative potential for accelerating precision

oncology and improving clinical outcomes.

Keywords: Microfluidic technology; 3D printing; Tumor microenvironment model;

Cancer treatment optimization; Diagnostic biomarker discovery

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