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Figure 3. (A) Synthetic routes of γ-PGA-GMA and γ-PGA-SH. RT, room temperature. (B)
Chemical structure of RGDC, which presents additional thiol groups compared to RGD. (C) One-
step generation of all-peptide hydrogels using thiol-ene click reaction of γ-PGA-GMA with γ-PGA-
SH and RGDC. LAP, a type of photoinitiator stimulated by blue light. (D) Transfection of VEGF
165 transcript-carried lentivirus in HUVECs for overexpressing VEGF 165. (E) Printing the
HUVECvegf165+-laden peptide hydrogels for diabetic wound healing using sustained-release
VEGF 165. Adapted from [51] .
2.3. Enzyme cross-linking method
Enzymatic cross-linking method refers to an efficient cross-linking process under
mild reaction conditions, leveraging the specific catalytic activity of enzymes to
facilitate rapid and biocompatible material modification. Enzymatic cross-linking
method effectively preserves the native structure and bioactivity of collagen and other
biomolecules by circumventing damage caused by harsh conditions such as high
temperature, extreme pH (strong acid/alkali), or ultraviolet (UV) radiation, thereby
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