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Arts & Communication Art images and trauma in femicide orphans

Strumpfbändern; Schiele (1917), Bildnis des Komponisten 2.3.6. Sociodemographic variables
Arnold Schönberg; Schiele (1918), Porträt von Marie Schiele; Finally, specific sociodemographic variables, such as
Schiele (1911); Self-Seer II. Tod und Man; Schiele (1911), gender, age, nationality, place of residence, marital status,
Frau und Mann; Schiele (1911), Schwarzhaariges Mädchen and occupation, were surveyed.
mit hochgeschlagenem Rock; Schiele (1910), Sitzende Frau.

The “Resources” category comprises the following 2.4. Data analysis
art images, which were presented to the participants: First, correlation analyses were conducted to examine
Cassatt (1880 – 1183), Lilacs in a Window; Cassatt (1890), potential associations between the variables of interest.
Maternity; Degas (1867 – 1870), L’Orchestre de l’Opéra; Subsequently, analyses of variance (ANOVA) and covariance
Degas (1877 – 1879), Balançant danseurs. Danseuse en (ANCOVA) were performed to assess statistically significant
vert; Potthast (1915), Low Tide; Potthast (1910), Blonde differences among the experimental conditions.
and brunette; Potthast (1916), Wading; Renoir (1898),
Déjeuner à Berneval; Renoir (1876), Bal au moulin de la Statistical analyses of the data were performed using
Galette; Potthast (1921), Long Beach. the Statistical Package for the Social Science (version 24)
software.
2.3.2. Impact of traumatic events
To measure the impact of traumatic events on participants’ 3. Results
psychosocial functioning, the Italian version of the Impact To verify the efficacy of the randomization procedure,
of Event Scale-Revised was used. The scale comprises preliminary analyses were performed to compare the
[38]
15 items, allowing respondents to rate their experiences experimental and control groups in terms of gender,
on a 4-point Likert scale (1=never and 4=often). Higher nationality, age, and trauma-related information. The two
scores on this scale indicate a more pronounced impact groups exhibited balance across the considered variables.
of traumatic events on participants’ daily life and None of the ANOVAs yielded statistically significant
psychosocial functioning. The scale demonstrated an results (P > 0.05). Subsequently, an assessment was made
internal consistency index (α) of 0.96. to determine whether differences existed among the three
groups concerning the dependent variables during the
2.3.3. Frequency and severity of traumatic symptoms
pre-test phase. ANOVAs revealed statistically significant
The Italian version of the Davidson Trauma Scale was differences between the groups in relation to the temporal
[39]
adopted to measure the frequency and severity of traumatic location of the trauma (F [2,82] = 3.02, P < 0.05, η = 0.01).
2
symptoms. This scale comprises two subscales, each Therefore, this variable was measure used statistical
consisting of 17 items, allowing respondents to rate their analyses; thereby the results could be interpreted.
experience on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = Never/minimal
disturbance; 4 = Every day/extreme disturbance). Higher The correlation analyses (Table 1) revealed statistically
scores on the two subscales indicate higher frequency and significant associations among all the variables considered
greater severity of traumatic symptoms, respectively. The at T , T , and T .
2
0
1
subscales exhibited an internal consistency index (α) of On reviewing the ANCOVA (Tables 2-5), it becomes
0.94 and 0.92, respectively. evident that the effect of the experimental condition was
significant for each dependent variable, except for the
2.3.4. Psychological well-being frequency of traumatic symptoms.
[40]
The Italian version of the Ryff Psychological Well- Specifically, irrespective of the temporal location of
[17]
being-18 was used to measure the participants’ levels of the trauma, participants in the experimental condition
psychological well-being. This scale consists of 18 items, reported lower levels of the traumatic event impact
each rated on a 6-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly disagree on psychosocial functioning than those in the control
and 6 = Strongly agree). Higher scores on this scale condition. The same pattern persisted for both traumatic
indicate higher levels of psychological well-being. The scale symptom severity and psychological well-being, with
demonstrated an internal consistency index (α) of 0.94.
participants in the experimental condition reporting
2.3.5. Information about the traumatic event lower traumatic symptom severity and higher levels of
psychological well-being.
In relation to the traumatic event, temporal information
pertaining to the type of trauma was collected through These results remained consistent even two weeks
specific questions included in the questionnaire administered following the end of the intervention, showing relative
before the art images intervention. temporal stability.

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2023) 7 https://doi.org/10.36922/ac.0337