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Deresse, et al.

Appendices

Table A1. Descriptions of land use/cover classes
Land use/cover class Description
Cultivated land (plantation includes coffee) Land with minimal shade trees used primarily for smallholder coffee
farming; resembles the semi-forest coffee system but involves
modified forests, a higher density of coffee seedlings, and improved
production methods, often in proximity to enset and annual crops
Forest land The area hosts a mix of native and non-native species, such as
eucalyptus and agroforestry home gardens, alongside sporadic
natural woodlands; key species include Birbira (Militia ferruginea),
Wanza (Cordia africana), Warka (Ficus vasta), and Sholla (Ficus
sycomorus)
Grassland Area with grass and little shrubs that are used for group-grazing and
have a temporary grass cover
Settlement Land covered by settlements and other man-made constructions, such
as tiny market centers, communities, and coffee-processing zones
Bare land Open spaces with little or no vegetation, including sandy and rocky
areas
Woodland Natural environment characterized by a mix of trees, shrubs, and
open spaces
Water bodies Include rivers, streams, and reservoirs

Volume 22 Issue 4 (2025) 178 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025190143