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Sumra, et al.

(ii) Prioritized element: Radical environmental concerns. (iii) Impact: Change of development mode.
p < 0.05 for the three situations (F (2,8) = 4.938, p < 0.05 for the three situations (F (2,8)= 15.845,
p = 0.041) p = 0.003)
(iv) Prioritized element: Change of development mode.
p < 0.05 for the three Conditions (F (2,8) = 15.465,
p = 0.003).

4.2. Delphi round 2
The prioritized elements from Delphi round 1 were
carried over and listed in this round. Approximately 30
experts, representing various fields of study, participated
in this round. NVivo software (version 14) was used
to analyze the results of this open-ended, qualitative
questionnaire.
Figure 6 displays the highly ranked elements,
prioritized by the panel of experts in the first round.
Figure 2. The expert’s participation profile The experts come from various sectors, including
environmental, industrial, research, government, and
non-government sectors, reflecting a strong interest in
the concept of ecological civilization, its emergence,
and its possible implications for the CPEC project.
Table 8 outlines 16 elements across nine categories
that can help to implement effective eco-civilization
strategies in CPEC projects. All these categories are
described separately.

4.3. Delphi round 3
In this round, 16 statements across nine categories were
Figure 3. Visual presentation of aspect 1: Emergence analyzed to determine their consensus level. A total of
of ecological civilization 50 experts participated, all from fields related to water,

Table 5. Delphi participants’ selection criteria
Participants/experts Selection criteria
Climate experts To provide insights into the environmental challenges and strategies for ecological civilization.
Policymakers Given their role in framing actionable policies under CPEC, their perspective was critical.
Academics and Scholars with expertise in sustainability studies contributed theoretical and applied insights.
researchers
Industrialists Their participation helped address the industrial implications of ecological civilization.
Environmentalists These stakeholders highlighted practical ecological concerns and solutions.
Abbreviation: CPEC: China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.

Table 6. Profile of the experts

Delphi Invited Participated Position Experience Type of Response
rounds years organization rate (%)
Round 1 30 15 General managers/Ecologists 15 Government sector 50
Round 2 50 30 Directors/Academicians 10 Private sector 60
Round 3 70 50 Assistant Prof./Research assistants 10 Government sector 70
Round 4 100 70 Environmentalists/Climate experts 10 Research sector 70

Volume 22 Issue 1 (2025) 8 doi: 10.36922/ajwep.8483