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Senthilmahesh, et al.

Table 1. Summary of water cleaning methods
Authors Invention Technology Impact Merits Demerits Future
used enhancement
Hasany et al. 14 Autonomous USV with Cleans small Autonomous Limited Improve battery
water surface navigation water bodies navigation for operating time, life, garbage
cleaning robot autonomously small water small garbage capacity, and
bodies capacity, only adaptability to
able to navigate larger water
and evaluate bodies
small water
bodies
Chang et al. 15 Water surface USV without Capable of Simplified Limited Enhanced
cleaning and mechanical checking water design without automation and automation,
water quality design quality while mechanical path planning; path planning,
check robot cleaning parts challenges and adaptability
in adapting to diverse
to complex environments
environments
Chen et al. 16 Semi- Mechanical Reduces Reduces human Semi-automatic, Full automation
automatic cleaner manual effort exposure to not fully and advanced
drainage water with PLC and risk in toxic gases autonomous sensors for
cleaner controller cleaning hazardous gas
hazardous detection
drainage pipes
Jeon et al. 17 Automated Siemens PLC Automates Cost-effective Potential for Integration of
sewage controller sewage water and efficient; improved AI for real-time
wastewater for various treatment and reduces the risk automation and monitoring and
treatment controls minimizes of human loss efficiency control
system human labor
in hazardous
conditions
Li et al. 18 Watercolor ASV, data Self-governing Multifunctional, Potential for Broader
isolated collection pathfinding, robust water limited coverage environmental
perception- modules water quality monitoring area based on monitoring
oriented USV measurement, capabilities battery life and enhanced
weather and module obstacle
monitoring, capabilities avoidance
remote control
Ferri et al. 19 ASV for ASV with Measures Small size, May be limited in Incorporating
hydrocarbon miniaturized hydrocarbon collision harsh conditions, advanced
and heavy sensors, and heavy avoidance requiring machine learning
metal VFH+ML metal capabilities frequent sensor for improved
measurement for collision concentration maintenance collision
avoidance prediction
Madeo et al. 20 Water USV with Tracks various Versatile in Limited in Improved
environmental sensors for environmental monitoring scope for parameter
mobile salinity, parameters in different specific water detection and
observer oxygen, pH, water bodies environmental parameters adaptability to
etc. parameters different water
bodies
(Contd...)

Volume 22 Issue 2 (2025) 22 doi: 10.36922/ajwep.6564