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Iroegbu, et al.

Table 3. Proposed standardization framework for plastics and polymers
Component Description
Definition Establish universally accepted definitions for “plastics,” “polymers,” and “macromolecules”
standardization based on International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry guidelines to prevent ambiguity
and misinterpretations.
Material classification Develop a classification system distinguishing plastics by composition
(e.g., fossil-based, bio-based), processing methods (e.g., thermoplastics, thermosets), and
degradation potential (e.g., biodegradable, non-biodegradable).
Terminology consistency Ensure consistency in terminology across scientific disciplines, industry, and policy frameworks
to prevent confusion in environmental assessments, product labeling, and regulatory documents.
Regulatory alignment Align definitions and classifications with international regulatory standards
(e.g., American Standards Testing and Materials and International Standard Organization) to
harmonize global policy efforts and facilitate international trade.
Scientific and industrial Integrate standardized definitions into industrial manufacturing standards, scientific research
integration methodologies, and sustainability frameworks to improve cross-sector collaboration.
Environmental impact Incorporate life cycle assessments into plastic material classification to evaluate long-term
assessment sustainability, recyclability, and ecological footprint.
Education and public Develop educational programs and public awareness campaigns to ensure all stakeholders
awareness (scientists, policymakers, industry leaders, and consumers) understand and adopt standardized
definitions.
Technological Encourage research into sustainable plastic alternatives, including enhanced biodegradable
innovations plastics, bio-based polymers, and closed-loop recycling technologies for a more sustainable
future.
Implementation and Propose policies that enforce standardized definitions in product labeling, waste management
policy recommendations regulations, and international trade agreements to ensure global compliance and drive effective
plastic pollution mitigation.

Figure 4. Visual synthesis of proposed terminology standardization framework. Image produced by the
authors. Created with https://lucid.app/documents/#/home?folder_id=recent; 2025; Austine Ofondu
Chinomso Iroegbu

toxicity assessments lack standardized protocols, chemicals present challenges in aqueous toxicity testing
leading to inconsistencies in reported hazard levels. due to their limited solubility, further complicating risk
In addition, many hydrophobic plastic-associated evaluations.

Volume 22 Issue 3 (2025) 8 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025200158