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Nano-biofertilizers for sustainable soil and environment

types are keys to maintaining healthy and productive matter, microbial populations, and acidity. Studies have
soil for future generations. Understanding the impact of shown that applying nitrogen at optimal rates promotes
fertilizer type and concentration on soil health is critical plant growth and increases organic matter without
to achieving sustainable agriculture. While fertilizers compromising soil health. However, excessive nitrogen
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contribute to increased productivity, their indiscriminate application can lead to organic matter loss and increased
use can lead to soil degradation and environmental acidity, which negatively impacts soil microorganisms.
pollution. Therefore, adopting sustainable agricultural As such, balanced nutrient management and the
practices that balance productivity with the preservation incorporation of organic fertilizers are recommended to
of soil and environmental health is essential. maintain and improve soil health. 90
Organic fertilizers differ significantly from chemical
fertilizers in their impact on soil health. Organic fertilizers, 10. Conclusion
such as compost and manure, improve soil structure and
increase its organic matter content, improving aeration Nano-biofertilizers have demonstrated significant
as well as the soil’s ability to retain moisture and potential in enhancing soil fertility by improving
nutrients. These fertilizers also enhance soil biological nutrient absorption, boosting microbial activity, and
activity by creating a favorable environment for the reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers. While
growth of beneficial microorganisms that contribute current findings affirm their positive role in sustainable
to soil health and fertility. Although their effects are agriculture, further research is essential to evaluate their
slower to manifest, they are long-lasting, sustainable, long-term impacts under various soil and crop conditions.
and environmentally friendly. In contrast, chemical Future studies should also assess their cost-effectiveness,
fertilizers provide nutrients rapidly, accelerating environmental safety, and compatibility with traditional
plant growth and increasing yields in the short term. fertilization practices to fully harness their potential.
However, excessive use can negatively impact soil Nano-biofertilizers are thus considered a promising
health in the long term. Overuse of chemical fertilizers innovation in sustainable agriculture. They enhance
leads to salt accumulation, degradation of soil structure, microbial activity, improve soil structure, reduce
reduced microbial diversity, and an increased risk of the need for chemical inputs, and support long-
groundwater contamination. Therefore, a balanced use term sustainability. With continued research into
of both fertilizer types, based on the specific needs of soil environmentally friendly, relatively inexpensive,
and plants, is recommended to ensure high productivity and efficient nano-biofertilizer formulations, this
while preserving soil health and sustainability. Nutrient technology could revolutionize agricultural practices
inputs such as chemical fertilizers and animal manure worldwide, contributing to the production of healthier
have positively influenced soil health characteristics. and more secure food systems. Nano-biofertilizers have
Fertilizers may enhance soil organic matter when the potential to improve nutrient efficiency, enhance soil
applied appropriately. However, further research is health, and minimize environmental pollution. Although
needed to better understand the impact of these inputs challenges remain, further research and supportive
on soil health and carbon storage. A study by Pahalvi policies can accelerate their integration into diverse and
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et al. emphasizes the importance of maintaining soil mainstream agricultural practices, paving the way for a
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health to ensure sustainable ecosystems and agricultural greener and more sustainable future.
productivity. It highlights that the physical, chemical,
and biological properties of soil are affected by the Acknowledgments
excessive use of chemical fertilizers. While these
fertilizers contribute to increased crop yields, they None.
also reduce microbial activity, degrade soil quality,
and pollute the environment. The study concludes that Funding
continued reliance on chemical fertilizers threatens soil
biodiversity and negatively impacts its long-term health. None.
Researchers 88,89 have also noted that soil is an
essential natural resource for plant growth, and its Conflict of interest
health is significantly affected by human interventions
such as tillage, irrigation, and fertilization. Nitrogen, The authors declare that they have no competing
a key nutrient in fertilization, influences soil organic interests.

Volume 22 Issue 3 (2025) 27 doi: 10.36922/AJWEP025160123