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Advanced Neurology Gastrointestinal symptoms in PD

Table 1. Treatments for constipation in patients with PD
Treatment Study design Evaluation method Results Adverse event
Probiotics and prebiotic Randomized, double-blind, Rome III-confirmed constipation Effective Abdominal
fiber [67] placebo-controlled trial discomfort (1/80)
(n=80 vs. 40)
Multistrain probiotics Double-blind, randomized, Average number of spontaneous Effective Abdominal
capsules [68] placebo-controlled, single-center bowel movements, stool discomfort (1/34)
trial (n=34 vs. 38) consistency
The probiotic strain Before-after study in the same Rome III criteria Effective No
Lactobacillus casei Shirota [69] patient (n=40)
Fecal microbiota Case report Wexner constipation score Effective No
transplantation [61]
Nizatidine [70,71] Before-after study (n=20) Colonic transit time by X-ray Effective No
Lubiprostone [72] Double-blind, randomized, Constipation scale scores Effective Intermittent loose
controlled study (n=25 vs. 27) stools (48%)
FMT [73] Before-after study (n=11) Wexner constipation score Effective No
Botulinum toxin [74] Before-after study (n=18) Anorectal manometry Effective No
Tegaserod [75] Case report Bowel movement frequency and Effective No
stool consistency
Macrogol electrolyte Double-blind, placebo- Stool frequency, straining, stool Effective No
solution [76] controlled study (n=28 vs. 28) consistency
Tegaserod [77] Double-blind randomized Subject’s global assessment Unconfirmed No
placebo-controlled (n=8 vs. 7)
Functional magnetic Before-after trial (n=16) Colonic transit time, Knowles- Effective No
stimulation [78] Eccersley-Scott Symptom
Questionnaire, and the dynamics of
defecography
Abdominal massage [79] Randomized controlled pilot Gastrointestinal rating scale and a Unconfirmed No
study (n=16 vs. 15) bowel diary
L-DOPA [80] Before-after trial (n=18) Colonic transit time and rectoanal Effective No
videomanometry
Squalamine [81] Mouse models Fecal pellet output Effective /
Botulinum neurotoxin A [82] Before-after trial (n=10) Bowel movements and defecatory Effective No
function
Cisapride [83] Before-after trial (n=20) Colonic transit time Effective No
Dietary Herb Extract Dai- Before-after trial (n=6) Colonic transit time and transient Effective No
Kenchu-To [84] anorectal reservoir and defecation
(videomanometry)
Ghrelin agonist, HM01 [85] 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) Daily fecal output Effective No
rats
Subthalamic nuclei (STN) deep On-off period (n=16) Squeezing pressure etc. STN is helpful /
brain stimulation (DBS) [86] for voluntary
control of
anorectal
motility
Colonic electrical Rotenone-induced rat model Colonic transmit time Effective /
stimulation [87]
Mosapride citrate [88] Before-after trial (n=14) Colonic transit time and rectoanal Effective Epigastric
videomanometry discomfort (1/14)
Deep brain stimulation of the Before and after STN-DBS ROME III questionnaires Effective /
subthalamic nucleus [89] (n=10)
(Contd...)

Volume 1 Issue 1 (2022) 7 https://doi.org/10.36922/an.v1i1.9