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Advanced Neurology Genetics in PD hyposmia

Table 3. Allele logistic regression analysis of hyposmia in 203 5. Conclusion
PD individuals
In our study, we found that GBA is associated with
Regression coefficient P* OR 95% CI hyposmia in PD, indicating genetic involvement in PD
Gender (male, %) −0.358 0.101 0.70 0.46–1.07 hyposmia variation. However, we did not replicate the
Age (year) −0.044 0.886 0.96 0.53–1.74 previous results (loci in TAAR5 and OR6C70) in this study.
More studies with larger sample sizes concerning the above
Age of onset (year) 0.068 0.824 1.07 0.59–1.95
Duration (month) 0.008 0.738 1.01 0.96–1.06 genes need to be implemented to explore the potential
association between hyposmia in different populations.
LED 0.000 0.679 1.00 1.00–1.00
UPDRS-III 0.015 0.116 1.02 1.00–1.03 Acknowledgments
rs3813355 0.316 0.235 1.37 0.81–2.31 We express our gratitude to all the individuals who
rs3813354 −0.142 0.629 0.87 0.49–1.54 participated in the study.
rs60683621 0.048 0.827 1.05 0.68–1.62
rs1800473 −0.725 0.129 0.48 0.19–1.23 Funding
rs762488 1.115 0.036 3.05 1.08–8.63 This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program
rs2009578 −0.503 0.208 0.60 0.28–1.32 of China (2017YFC 0909100), Jiangsu Provincial Key R&D
rs2974923 0.163 0.529 1.18 0.71–1.95 Program (BE2018658), Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key
rs1800438 −0.749 0.032 0.47 0.24–0.94 Discipline Project (ZDXKB2016022), Suzhou Clinical
CI, Confidence interval; LED, Levodopa equivalent dose; OR, Odds Research Center of Neurological Disease (Szzx201503),
ratio; PD, Parkinson’s disease; UPDRS-III, Unified Parkinson’s Disease National Natural Science Foundation of China (81801258,
Rating Scale - Part III. *Logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, age 81801120), the Talent Support Project for Science and
of onset, motor symptoms, LED, and UPDRS-III Teaching of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow
University (XKTJ-XK202001, XKTJ-RC202004), and Pre-
were associated with hyposmia in PD [8,9] . In our study, we research Project for Doctors of the Second Affiliated Hospital
found that GBA rs1800438 was associated with decreased of Soochow University (SDFEYBS1702, SDFEYBS2014).
hyposmia risk, while GBA rs762488 was associated with
increased hyposmia risk. It is possible that rs762488 and Conflict of interest
rs1800438 are located in different introns, which may lead None.
to different expression levels of GBA. This deserves further
investigation with functional experiment. In summary, Author contributions
this is the first report concerning the associations between Conceptualization: Yi-Lun Ge, Pu-Zhi Wang, Kai Li,
common variants in GBA and hyposmia in PD. We
consider that associations between PD and GBA, including Cheng-Jie Mao
its common and rare variants, should be studied in future. Methodology: Yi-Lun Ge, Pu-Zhi Wang, Kai Li, Cheng-Jie
Mao
Our study has some limitations. First, the sample size is Formal analysis: Yi-Lun Ge, Kai Li
limited. The collection of a larger sample size was limited Investigation: Jia-Hui Yan, Wen Li, Jin-Ru Zhang, Hong Jin,
due to the fact that this is a single-center cross-sectional Fen Wang, Ya-Ping Yang, Dan Li
study. Second, the prevalence rate of hyposmia in our Supervision: Ya-Ping Yang, Fen Wang, Kai Li, Jing Chen,
study is not comparable to that in some epidemiological Cheng-Jie Mao, Chun-Feng Liu
studies [4,27] . This may be partially attributed to ethnicity Writing – original draft: Yi-Lun Ge, Pu-Zhi Wang
factor. In general, marked differences in allele frequencies Writing – review and editing: Yi-Lun Ge, Pu-Zhi Wang, Kai
had been discerned between different populations. Li, Cheng-Jie Mao
Geological conditions, as well as social customs, may also
lead to different odor recognition [28,29] . In addition, we References
applied a single-question method for screening olfactory 1. Doty RL, 2012, Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson disease.
dysfunction, which could be further improved. In Nat Rev Neuro, 8(6): 329–339.
general, in accordance with the study by Gisladottir et al.,
more studies with larger sample sizes and standardized https://doi.org.10.1038/nrneurol.2012.80
assessments of olfactory function are warranted in different 2. Mesholam RI, Moberg PJ, Mahr RN, et al., 1998, Olfaction
populations in the future, which may help us differentiate in neurodegenerative disease: A meta-analysis of olfactory
different subtypes of PD and facilitate precise treatment. functioning in Alzheimer’s and parkinson’s diseases. Arch

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2022) 4 https://doi.org/10.36922/an.v1i2.71