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Advanced Neurology                                                  Neurophysiology in hypokinetic disorders



            changes from medical and rehabilitative treatments. 36-40    Acknowledgments
            Therefore, the use of a combination of cortical evoked
            potentials in  drug-naïve  PD patients after  medical   None.
            treatment  could  assist  movement  disorder  specialists   Funding
            and clinicians in better patient management (i.e., taking
            into account the positive adaptive cortical changes   None.
            from  applying  neurophysiology).  In  summation,  recent   Conflict of interest
            neurophysiological studies have established a strong
            foundation for applying neurophysiology in the field of   The author declares that she has no competing interests.
            hypokinetic movement disorders, thereby encouraging   Author contributions
            clinicians to consider this approach in their daily clinical
            practice.                                          This is a single-authored article.

            5. Conclusion                                      Ethics approval and consent to participate

            This review is intended to update clinicians on the recent   Not applicable.
            advances in neurophysiological examinations for the
            characterization of  hypokinetic movement  disorders   Consent for publication
            in daily practice. Several strategies (e.g., EMG analyses   Not applicable.
            in combination with accelerometer, TMS studies,
            EEG models, and cortical and brainstem excitability   Availability of data
            assessments) were proposed to facilitate the diagnosis and   Not applicable.
            management of hypokinetic movement disorders.
              Recent evidence has accentuated the necessity to adopt   References
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                                        7
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            Volume 3 Issue 1 (2024)                         9                         https://doi.org/10.36922/an.1961
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