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Advanced Neurology Stem cell therapy in stroke treatment: Advances and prospects

stem cell-derived tissue is composed of interneurons
and glial cells, which promote regeneration and serve as (Cont’d...)
connections between regenerated brain fibers. This may References 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
explain the observed effects. Following intravenous
79
BM-MSCs delivery, a group of patients in a randomized
multicenter Phase II study demonstrated outstanding
safety in subacute ischemic stroke. Paracrine BM-MSCs
function in patients with persistent ischemic stroke. The Primary outcomes mRS, NIHSS, MRI, biochemical markers CT, MRI, PET, DTI
BM-MNCs of each patient were characterized with CD34+ NIHSS, BI, mRS NIHSS, BI
markers, which recent studies have shown are also present mRS mRS BI, FMA FMA, BI
on cancer stem cells (CSCs). BDNF, GDNF, IGF-1, and
VGEF are secreted by BM-MNCs and may help prevent
motor neuron degeneration. These findings suggest that
administering BM-MNCs to stroke patients is both safe Mean 5 – 9 days post occurrence of stroke 3 months – 12 months
and convenient. In another open-labeled prospective Phase Time point from onset of infusion 2-week post-stroke Mean 496 days 3-months – 2 year-post-stroke
I clinical trial, acute ischemic stroke patients received a 7 days 7 – 30 days 3 – 9 days post-stroke
single intravenous infusion of allogeneic human umbilical
cord blood cells within 3 – 10 days of the stroke. Graft-
versus-host disease and hypersensitivity were assessed
during patient visits at 3, 6, and 12 months after umbilical Dose 1 million/kg body weight 50×10 6 159×10 6 Cohort A=1.2×10 7 B=2.4×10 7 C=7.2×10 7 280.5×10 6 3.34×10 6 50 – 60×10 6 50 – 60×10 6
cord blood (UCB) infusion. 80,81 Taken together, these
studies highlighted the promise of stem cell treatment
as a promising option for improving outcomes in stroke
patients. However, they also emphasize the significance of
continued research to optimize procedures for safety and
efficacy. Future research will be essential for developing administration Intra-arterial Intracerebral
standardized treatment plans and for comprehending Route of Intravenous Intravenous injection Intravenous Intravenous Intravenous Intravenous
how different types of stem cells affect long-term recovery
following cerebrovascular events. Some trial databases are
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referenced, and study outcomes are discussed in Table 2.
8. Future perspectives NSI-566, primary adherent
As more studies and ongoing trials on stroke are reported, Interventional types Allogenic MSCs from MSCs, conventional BM-MNCs, conventional Umbilical cord blood BM-MNCs, conventional
regenerative medicine continues to demonstrate increasing adipose tissue neural stem cell MNC+MSCs
promise and effectiveness. Neurophysiological evidence treatment BMSCs infusions treatment
suggests that stem cells and their mechanisms play a role
in restoring the function of the brain. There are various
methods in labeling cells, including simple incubation
with transfection agents and magneto suboperation. These
methods are optimal for monitoring cells in the middle Posterior superior iliac Cell derived from human Allogenic umbilical cord Post superior iliac crest
coronary artery occlusion (MCAO) animal model of Adipose tissue Posterior iliac crest fetal spinal cord Posterior iliac crest Posterior iliac crest
stroke. However, magnetic resonance (MR) cell tracking Cell types
using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) crest
still needs clinical validation. Although stem cells have Table 2. Clinical trials of stem cell therapy in stroke
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shown great promise in stroke treatment, many issues Sample size 20/20 16/36 10/10 9 60/60 10/10 20/20 12/12
remain to be resolved soon. Recent research aims to cure
strokes by exploring various types of stem cells, including
stem cells modified using polymeric materials. However,
the use of programmable stem cells raises ethical concerns
that need to be sorted out by regulatory bodies. There Country/Region, South Korea, 2010
are restrictions on the number of neural progenitor cells Spain, 2014 Spain, 2012 China, 2019 India, 2014 USA, 2018 India, 2013 India, 2012
(NPCs) for transplantation when they are cultured in vitro. year

Volume 4 Issue 3 (2025) 9 doi: 10.36922/an.5582