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Advanced Neurology Artificial intelligence in epilepsy education

and seizure activity. With diverse manifestations across 65 million individuals worldwide, with around 80% of
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patients, diagnosing and managing epilepsy poses unique cases occurring in developing regions (World Health
challenges, often requiring specialized approaches for Organization [WHO], 2020). Epilepsy can be classified
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personalized treatment. 1,2 into various types based on the nature and origin of the
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In the United States, approximately 3.4 million seizures, primarily categorized into generalized and
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individuals are affected by epilepsy, with 150,000 new cases focal seizures. Understanding these classification are
diagnosed annually. This condition spans all ages, from crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment, highlighting
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children to older adults, and imposes significant medical, the need for continuous research and refinement of
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emotional, social, and financial challenges for patients diagnostic criteria. Early diagnosis and treatment are
and their families. Major risk factors include traumatic crucial for improving the quality of life for those affected
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brain injury, genetic predispositions, neurodevelopmental by epilepsy and for preventing complications associated
issues, stroke, and central nervous system infections. with this chronic neurological disorder. 13,14 Advanced
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Diagnosis commonly involves reviewing medical history, technology, particularly AI, is transforming the diagnosis
conducting physical exams, performing neuroimaging, and management of epilepsy by providing new tools to
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and primarily utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) detect and predict seizures with increasing accuracy.
to assess brain activity. However, accurately interpreting The prevalence of epilepsy varies globally, impacting 0.6
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EEG data requires advanced expertise, creating barriers – 1.0% of the population, with higher rates observed in
to timely diagnosis. While genetic testing can provide developing regions (0.7 – 1.2%) compared to developed
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insights in specific cases, its accessibility and cost remain regions (0.5 – 0.8%). This disparity highlights the urgent
limiting factors. 7 need for enhanced diagnostic and treatment resources
in under-resourced areas, where epilepsy care is often
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly advancing limited or unavailable (WHO, 2020). Diagnosis typically
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epilepsy care by automating EEG analysis, detecting subtle involves a detailed history, semiology examination, and
seizure patterns, and facilitating faster, more accurate electrophysiological methods to identify the epileptic focus
diagnoses, especially in settings with limited specialized and classify the type of seizures. 10,11 Treatment primarily
expertise. AI-driven tools also have the potential to predict includes long-term use of antiseizure medications (ASMs)
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seizure patterns, enabling patients to take proactive safety to reduce seizure frequency or achieve remission, with
measures. In addition, AI-powered applications, wearable careful monitoring for adverse reactions. The primary
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devices, and telehealth services are revolutionizing epilepsy goal in conventional epilepsy management is to control
care by improving access to personalized support tailored seizures, minimize side effects, and improve quality of
to individual needs. 10 life. This includes accurate diagnosis using EEG and
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This study explores how AI implementation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to classify seizure
can enhance epilepsy education by improving EEG types and guide treatment choices. First-line treatment
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interpretation skills, supporting patient self-management, typically involves ASDs, like carbamazepine or valproate,
and creating innovative learning pathways for neuro often using monotherapy to minimize interactions. 10,11 For
physicians while highlighting the collaborative efforts drug-resistant cases, surgical interventions or alternative
of multiple institutions in this field. Moreover, the study treatments, such as vagus nerve stimulation and ketogenic
examines the ethical considerations of AI integration, such diets, may be applied. 10,11 Lifestyle adjustments and
as transparency, bias mitigation, and privacy protection, psychosocial support, alongside regular monitoring, are
aiming to maximize its benefits while addressing potential crucial for effective ongoing management and treatment
limitations in clinical practice. 1-10 sucess. 8-11
2. Epilepsy: The impact and importance of 3. Challenges in epilepsy education and
early diagnosis and treatment awareness

The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) defines Epilepsy education faces numerous challenges, including
epilepsy as a disease of the brain characterized by any of the inadequate knowledge and awareness, as well as significant
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following conditions: at least two unprovoked (or reflex) disparities in care and educational needs. One of the
seizures occurring more than 24 h apart, one unprovoked primary issues is the poor knowledge and awareness
(or reflex) seizure with a probability of further seizures about epilepsy among patients, which hampers effective
similar to the general recurrence risk (at least 60%) after two self-management and diminishes the quality of life. This
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unprovoked seizures over the next 10 years, or a diagnosis lack of awareness extends to the public and healthcare
of an epilepsy syndrome. 11,12 Epilepsy affects approximately professionals, contributing to the under-recognition

Volume 4 Issue 3 (2025) 17 doi: 10.36922/an.4777