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Brain & Heart

PERSPECTIVE ARTICLE
The potential applications of artificial

intelligence in biomarker discovery for
cardiovascular diseases

Kyriacos Felekkis 1,2 and Christos Papaneophytou *
1,2
1 Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia,
Cyprus
2 Non-Coding RNA Research Laboratory, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia,
Nicosia, Cyprus

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of early mortality and
disability, characterized by their complex, multifactorial nature, which demands
personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Current diagnostic methods
for CVDs, while essential, have limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and real-time
monitoring, which can impede early and accurate disease detection. Biomarkers
emerge as pivotal tools for the enhanced diagnosis and management of CVDs, yet the
challenges in their discovery and validation persist. Integrating artificial intelligence
with omics technologies promises to revolutionize this field by significantly
*Corresponding author: improving the precision and speed of biomarker discovery. This innovative approach,
Christos Papaneophytou merging the analysis of genetic variants with expression patterns linked to specific
(papaneophytou.c@unic.ac.cy)
phenotypes, holds the potential to uncover novel biomarkers and facilitate the
Citation: Felekkis K, stratification of patient groups based on individual risk factors, thereby advancing
Papaneophytou C. The potential
applications of artificial intelligence personalized medicine in cardiovascular care.
in biomarker discovery for
cardiovascular diseases. Brain &
Heart. 2025;3(3):8442. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Biomarkers; Artificial intelligence; Omics
doi: 10.36922/bh.8442 technologies; Diagnostic accuracy
Received: January 8, 2025
1st revised: February 13, 2025
2nd revised: February 25, 2025 1. Introduction
Accepted: February 27, 2025 Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature death and
Published online: March 13, 2025 disability worldwide, contributing significantly to the global health burden. As non-
Copyright: © 2025 Author(s). communicable diseases, CVDs encompass a broad range of disorders affecting the heart
This is an Open-Access article and blood vessels, including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, venous
distributed under the terms of the thromboembolism, and peripheral vascular disease. The pathogenesis of most CVDs is
Creative Commons Attribution
License, permitting distribution, atherosclerotic, which can lead to severe outcomes such as myocardial infarction, cardiac
and reproduction in any medium, arrhythmias, and strokes. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, and
provided the original work is 1
properly cited. lack of physical activity are well-recognized etiological risk factors.
Publisher’s Note: AccScience These conditions not only impact physical health but also affect emotional
Publishing remains neutral with well-being and impose significant economic burdens on individuals, families, and
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional healthcare systems. The variety of mechanisms leading to CVDs – including structural
affiliations. abnormalities, blockages like coronary artery stenosis, and dysfunctions within the

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 1 doi: 10.36922/bh.8442