Page 66 - BH-3-3

Brain & Heart AI in biomarker discovery for CVDs

Conflict of interest doi: 10.1067mcp.2001.113989

The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 8. Strimbu K, Tavel JA. What are biomarkers? Curr Opin HIV
AIDS. 2010;5(6):463-466.
Author contributions doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e32833ed177

Conceptualization: All authors 9. Jacob R, Khan M. Cardiac biomarkers: What is and
Writing – original draft: Christos Papaneophytou what can be. Indian J Cardiovasc Dis Women WINCARS.
Writing – review & editing: All authors 2018;3(4):240-244.
Ethics approval and consent to participate doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1679104
10. Matthews H, Hanison J, Nirmalan N. “Omics”-informed
Not applicable. drug and biomarker biscovery: Opportunities, challenges
and future perspectives. Proteomes. 2016;4(3):28.
Consent for publication
doi: 10.3390/proteomes4030028
Not applicable.
11. Felekkis K, Papaneophytou C. Challenges in using
Availability of data circulating micro-RNAs as biomarkers for cardiovascular
diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(2):561.
Not applicable.
doi: 10.3390/ijms21020561
References 12. Felekkis K, Papaneophytou C. The circulating biomarkers
1. Flora GD, Nayak MK. A brief review of cardiovascular league: Combining miRNAs with cell-free DNAs and
diseases, associated risk factors and current treatment proteins. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(6):3403.
regimes. Curr Pharm Des. 2019;25(38):4063-4084. doi: 10.3390/ijms25063403
doi: 10.2174/1381612825666190925163827 13. Chustecki M. Benefits and risks of AI in health care:
2. Pang W, Yuan C, Zhong T, et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic optical Narrative review. Interact J Med Res. 2024;13:e53616.
imaging in cardiovascular diseases. iScience. 2024;27(11):111216. doi: 10.2196/53616
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111216 14. Topol EJ. High-performance medicine: The convergence of
3. Harskamp RE. Electrocardiographic screening in primary human and artificial intelligence. Nat Med. 2019;25(1):44-56.
care for cardiovascular disease risk and atrial fibrillation. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7
Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2019;20:e101.
15. Khera R, Oikonomou EK, Nadkarni GN, et al. Transforming
doi: 10.1017/s1463423619000355 cardiovascular care with artificial intelligence: From
4. Netala VR, Teertam SK, Li H, Zhang Z. A comprehensive discovery to practice. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;84(1):97-114.
review of cardiovascular disease management: Cardiac doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.05.003
biomarkers, imaging modalities, pharmacotherapy, surgical
interventions, and herbal remedies. Cells. 2024;13(17):1471. 16. Sun X, Yin Y, Yang Q, Huo T. Artificial intelligence in
cardiovascular diseases: Diagnostic and therapeutic
doi: 10.3390/cells13171471 perspectives. Eur J Med Res. 2023;28(1):242.
5. Kim SJ, Mesquita FCP, Hochman-Mendez C. New doi: 10.1186/s40001-023-01065-y
biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. Tex Heart Inst J.
2023;50(5):e238178. 17. DeGroat W, Abdelhalim H, Patel K, Mendhe D, Zeeshan S,
Ahmed Z. Discovering biomarkers associated and
doi: 10.14503/thij-23-8178 predicting cardiovascular disease with high accuracy using
6. Dhingra R, Vasan RS. Biomarkers in cardiovascular disease: a novel nexus of machine learning techniques for precision
Statistical assessment and section on key novel heart failure medicine. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):1.
biomarkers. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2017;27(2):123-133. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-50600-8
doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2016.07.005 18. Batta I, Patial R, Sobti RC, Agrawal DK. Computational
7. Group BDW. Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: Preferred biology in the discovery of biomarkers in the diagnosis,
definitions and conceptual framework. Clin Pharmacol Ther. treatment and management of cardiovascular diseases.
2001;69(3):89-95. Cardiol Cardiovasc Med. 2024;8(5):405-414.

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 6 doi: 10.36922/bh.8442