Page 36 - EER-2-3

Explora: Environment
and Resource Air pollution mitigation technologies

law violations, which can moderately reduce air pollution. data to the cloud. If emissions exceed permissible limits,
9
Studies show that heavy-duty diesel vehicles are responsible both the local police and the vehicle owner are notified.
for 40–60% of NO emissions and 70–90% of CO emissions The system can also verify inspection compliance, such as
x
2
9
from black smoke. One-way traffic flow has been found insurance expiry dates and smoke test results. 9
to be more effective in reducing emissions. Reducing High traffic volumes in street canyons can significantly
9
the number of heavy diesel vehicles and improving road elevate pollution concentrations. Green infrastructure can
pavement quality can further limit air pollution. 9 help improve air quality in areas where planting space is
The adoption of electric vehicles and advancements limited. Options include green walls, green screens, and
in engine technology can mitigate transport-related green roofs. The effectiveness of green infrastructure
emissions. Between these two options, electric vehicles interventions depends on the design of the street canyon.
9
9
are considered the most effective; VOC emissions are Roadside vegetation can reduce PM concentrations by
9
reduced by 98% and NO emissions by 34% compared up to 60% and NO levels by up to 40%. Where planting
9
2
x
to conventional vehicles. Strict regulatory enforcement space is available, trees are an excellent long-term solution;
9
remains critical to further reduce transportation-related in more constrained areas, smaller potted plants and
pollution. 9 rooftop gardens can also contribute to localized air quality
improvements.
Urban planning also plays a significant role in air
quality management. Effective city layouts should facilitate 3.11. Energy intensity improvements and
natural ventilation into open spaces. Building height is electrification
an important factor in dispersing pollutants. Weather Improving energy intensity can reduce SO emissions by
9
conditions, such as wind speed, sunlight, temperature, 26–44%, NO emissions by 19–44%, PM emissions by
2
and humidity, should be considered in planning. Urban 25–46%, and CO emissions by 18–50%. Electrification
x
greenery, such as roadside tree planting, promotes can lower SO emissions by 19–25%, NO emissions by
2
pollutant deposition and can facilitate beneficial chemical 2 x
reactions that further reduce air pollution. 9 4–28%, PM emissions by 20–29%, and CO emissions by
2
11–12%. 14
3.9. XGBoost and grid ranking for pollution source Among industrial sub-sectors, the non-ferrous
identification industry demonstrates the largest spectrum of co-benefits,
Research on XGBoost and grid ranking methods has not with reduction rates ranging from 20.9% to 55.8% for
adequately captured air quality dynamics across entire SO emissions, 17.5% to 44.6% for NO emissions, 24.5%
2
x
regions, despite broad geographic coverage. The General to 47.8% for PM emissions, and 24.0% to 58.3% for CO
2
Information Report approach is comparable to the Google emissions 15. The paper sector achieves substantial
PageRank algorithm, which ranks web pages based on reductions in NO (7.9–38.1%) and CO 9.6–41.3%), but
x
2 (
12
their impact. XGBoost, a non-linear machine learning lower reductions in SO and PM emissions. According
10
2
12
algorithm, incorporates variable relevance mechanisms to Qian et al., the average direct co-benefits are highest
to enhance predictive performance. 10,11 This approach can in the non-ferrous industry and lowest in the non-power
identify the pollution sources that have the greatest influence sector. In the non-ferrous industry, average reduction
on other areas, enabling targeted interventions to mitigate air rates are 43.7% for SO , 44.2% for NO , 46.4% for PM, and
2
x
12
pollution. For example, studies have shown that XGBoost 49.6% for CO . In contrast, the non-power sector achieves
10
2
can be applied in various fields, including environmental reductions of 25.5% for SO , 24.1% for NO , 32.5% for PM,
2
x
monitoring, and can guide governments to prioritize and 18.5% for CO , which remain significant.
2
air pollution prevention in high-impact regions, such as Coal power plants, due to their higher energy intensity,
southern Oregon, which has been identified as significantly provide smaller co-benefits to the non-power sector,
12
affecting air quality in northern parts of the US. 10 with reductions of 6.1% for SO , 3.6% for NO , 6.0% for
x
2
PM, and 2.5% for CO . NO reduction rates vary the most
3.10. Cloud computing-based air pollution across industries. Petroleum and non-metallic sectors
2
x
12
monitoring systems achieve the highest NO reductions —19.3% and 27.6%,
12
x
Cloud-based air pollution monitoring systems store air respectively—when 30% of fossil fuels are replaced with
pollution data in a centralized database. In this approach, electricity. In other industries, NO reductions are below
9
12
x
sensor modules are installed at toll collection centers and 12% under the same conditions. CO reduction rates are
12
2
traffic light intersections. When a vehicle passes these relatively similar across sectors when electricity substitutes
points, the system measures its emissions and uploads the 12–30% of fossil fuel use. 12
Volume 2 Issue 3 (2025) 6 doi: 10.36922/EER025210041