Page 247 - EJMO-9-1

Eurasian Journal of Medicine and
Oncology
EGFR and PIK3CA mutations in lung cancer patients

2.3. Statistical analysis Table 2. Demographic and clinical features of the recruited
cases
Data entry and figure creation were performed using
GraphPad Prism (v8.0; GraphPad Software). Statistical Variables Number of patients Percentages (%)
analysis was conducted using Jamovi 2.6.17.0 (Austria) for Gender
Windows, with the χ² test applied. For a small sample size, Male 46 77
the Fisher exact test was used. A p<0.05 was considered
statistically significant. Female 14 23
Age
3. Results <60 years 30 50
3.1. Case selection ≥60 years 30 50
Tobacco smoking
A total of 90 fresh resection specimens were collected
from four types of surgeries: rigid bronchoscopy, wedge Yes 42 70
resection, pneumonectomy, and lobectomy. Of these, 60 No 18 30
were confirmed as LC cases, compromising 46 men and Histological type
14 women, yielding a male-to-female ratio of 3:1. The AC a 34 56.7
patients’ ages ranged from 31 to 83 years, with a median SCC b 13 21.7
age of 60 years and an average age of 59.25 years. Notably, LCC c 1 1.7
70% of the patients, all of whom were men, were current NET d 6 10
smokers. Clinicopathological features revealed that e
adenocarcinomas were the most common histological PSC 1 1.7
type, representing 56.7% of cases, followed by squamous Mixed histology 3 4.9
cell carcinoma, which was reported in 21.7% of cases. Unknown 2 3.3
Regarding staging, the majority of patients were diagnosed TNM staging
at Stage III (31.7%), followed by Stage II (28.3%) and I 16 26.7
Stage I (26.7%), and only 10% were identified at stage IV II 17 28.3
(Table 2).
III 19 31.7
3.2. Identification of oncogenic and clinically IV 6 10
actionable mutations Unknown 2 3.3
Analysis of the mutational status showed that 53.3% Notes: Adenocarcinoma; Squamous cell carcinoma; Large cell
a
c
b
e
d
of patients (32/60) did not have any targeted driver carcinoma; Neuroendocrine tumor; Pulmonary sarcomatoid
mutation in the three genes. The remaining 28 cases carcinoma.
Abbreviation: TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.
(46.7%) harbored at least one single mutation in the
targeted genes.
Notably, EGFR mutations were detected in 41.7% of
cases (25/60), and PIK3CA mutations were identified
in 8.3% of cases (5/60), including two cases with
concomitant mutations in both EGFR and PIK3CA
genes. Interestingly, no patients exhibited a point
mutation in the HER2 gene, particularly the common
A775_G776insYVMA insertion/duplication in exon 20
(Figure 1).
3.3. Mutational profiling of EGFR and PIK3CA genes Figure 1. Mutation profile of key driver genes in the non-small cell lung
in LC patients cancer population.
Abbreviations: EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor;
All genetic alterations in EGFR and PIK3CA genes are PIK3CA: Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic
summarized in Table 3. Alterations in exon 21 of the EGFR subunit alpha.
gene were the most reported, occurring in 19 cases. The
c.2573 T>G mutation was the most common, identified in were found in exon 18 of the EGFR gene. Of particular
10 patients. Mutations in exons 19 and 20 were detected interest, one sample exhibited dual alterations in the EGFR
in five and three patients, respectively, while no mutations gene: L861Q and G824A.

Volume 9 Issue 1 (2025) 239 doi: 10.36922/ejmo.7111