Page 100 - GHES-3-3

Global Health Economics and
Sustainability

PERSPECTIVE ARTICLE
Significant impact exerted on global economy

by implementing pandemic-reactive
global-scale public health measures

Sara Akram * , Muhammad Sardar Alam , and Saad Shah 3
2
1
1 Department of Sociology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou,
China
2 Department of Sociology, PMAS-Agriculture University, Pakistan
3 Department of Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract
Pandemics are global disease outbreaks that have significantly impacted societies,
economies, and public health systems throughout history. From the bubonic plague
to the Spanish flu and the recent COVID-19 pandemic, these crises have shaped
human development and exposed vulnerabilities in health and economic systems.
The epidemiological transition outlines three phases of human history: famine and
pandemics, reduced outbreaks, and the current phase of degenerative diseases. The
Academic editor: COVID-19 pandemic, a historic event, caused severe health, social, and economic
Mihajlo Jakovljevic M.D. Ph.D. MAE disruptions globally. The economic consequences of pandemics are extensive, often
persisting long after the health crisis subsides. The COVID-19 pandemic caused
*Corresponding author:
Sara Akram widespread unemployment, heightened poverty levels, and significant disruptions
(akram@mail2.sysu.edu.cn) in industries and education. Governments implemented fiscal and monetary policies,
Citation: Akram, S., Alam, M.S., including direct stimulus measures, to mitigate these effects. However, these actions
& Shah, S. (2025). Significant introduced inflationary pressures and increased public debt, highlighting the
impact exerted on global economy complex balance between relief and economic stability. Public health responses, such
by implementing pandemic-
reactive global-scale public health as vaccination drives and non-pharmaceutical interventions, played a pivotal role
measures. Global Health Econ in containing COVID-19. The pandemic emphasized the importance of integrating
Sustain, 3(3):92-100. public health and economic policies to ensure comprehensive crisis management.
https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.4531
Despite advancements in medical science and policy coordination, challenges such as
Received: August 15, 2024 misinformation, geopolitical tensions, and inadequate global cooperation hindered
Revised: October 28, 2024 effective responses. Moving forward, governments must prioritize coordinated
health and economic strategies to mitigate future pandemics. Strengthening global
Accepted: November 12, 2024
collaborations, improving public health systems, and leveraging technology will be
Published online: December 3, 2024 crucial to building resilience and ensuring sustainable recovery from health crises.
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s).
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the Keywords: Public health; COVID-19; Pandemics; Global economy
Creative Commons Attribution
License, permitting distribution,
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is
properly cited. 1. Background of pandemics
Publisher’s Note: AccScience Pandemics are defined as far-reaching disease epidemics that impact numerous countries
Publishing remains neutral with (Akram et al., 2023). Until the 16 century, pandemics, starvation, natural disasters,
th
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional and conflicts represented the primary causes of increases in human populations
affiliations. (Jordà et al., 2022). The concept of epidemiological transition categorizes the course of

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 92 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.4531