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Global Health Economics and
Sustainability
Global health care during COVID-19

and support decision-making. BI maturity models may The European Union has developed several concrete
recognize complex business management strategies strategies to combat COVID-19. Member states enhanced
across various sectors, driven by sophisticated laws the acquisition of personal protection equipment and
and regulations, stakeholder associations, and external critical, life-saving clinical infrastructure. Significant
requirements. In addition, BI is directly applicable in the funding was allocated for the research and development
health industry, offering the ability to identify critical issues of operative clinical medicines. Additional precautions
and conduct gap analyses to enhance system performance to ensure the safety of frontline medical professionals
(Brooks et al., 2015). were introduced. Overall, this crisis has driven healthcare
leaders, governments, and business stakeholders worldwide
The influence of stakeholders on supply chain
management and bridging various healthcare service to adopt transdisciplinary and effective decision-making
approaches (Goniewicz et al., 2020).
partners is significant. Investors must consider the entire
process of identifying and implementing supply chain Smith et al. (2021) proposed a model aimed at
management networks. The ethical and managerial evaluating potential efficiency by analyzing international
practices within these systems, both positive and negative, aid, pharmaceutical production, and scientific research.
are vital considerations and are often revisited during Urban healthcare planning was highly important during
strategic planning. One of the main concerns is how supply the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of public health and
chain management decisions directly impact patient care the built environment. Effective planning must support
(De Vries & Huijsman, 2011). To enhance care delivery, the flexible, smart, and sustainable mobility; ensure access
healthcare industry constantly embraces novel methods to adequate neighborhood facilities; enhance urban
and competencies. The adoption of Radio Frequency digitalization; and provide acceptable indoor living
Identification technology has significantly improved spaces equipped with basic health care and emergency
operational efficiency by tracking medical assets such services. Stakeholders must recognize the vital role of
as devices, medications, and patient information across public health in shaping resilient urban environments
global health units (Abugabah et al., 2020). Moreover, vital (Capolongo et al., 2020).
changes in the healthcare system can result from health
insurance designs. While extensive coverage across diverse 5. Overview of healthcare finance
population groups could transform healthcare systems, Assessment of economic parameters and allocation of
implementing economically sustainable insurance models healthcare funds is a critical challenge in health economics.
is challenging (Bazyar et al., 2020). Decision-makers Several financial parameters essential for regulating the
in the health sector should consider the disparities in healthcare industry are evaluated from a health economic
health insurance programs and focus on delivering basic perspective, particularly in terms of expenditure. Health
and life-saving treatment to all patients, regardless of economics broadly addresses the primary roles of
socioeconomic status (SES). individuals, healthcare providers, insurers, government
agencies, stakeholders, and associated organizations, which
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a massive problem
for the global healthcare industry. It compelled academics, are crucial in ensuring effective and sustainable systems.
Decision-makers must understand how to utilize resources
policymakers, and governments to address complex, effectively to enhance health-beneficial programs. A core
multilayered issues, challenging the global healthcare component of health economics involves the technical
management system at every level (Lambert et al., 2020).
assessment and comparison of the costs and effects of
The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting challenges various medical therapies, which informs policy and clinical
in hospital accessibility significantly accelerated the usage decisions (Dang et al., 2016). Healthcare professionals are
of digital platforms. Telehealth and telemedicine have responsible for delivering clinical care services and medical
become widely used by both doctors and patients. Digital facilities to patients; but in today’s era, both clinical and
technology has improved the process of organizing administrative staff must stay current with technological
clinical appointments, storing medical data following and therapeutic advancements. Administrators (decision-
medical examinations, and facilitating cashless payments makers) must have deep expertise in financial planning and
for patients. Despite the financial crisis, clinicians resource allocation to ensure smooth system operation.
are working to improve the global healthcare system. Health economics assessments essentially compare two or
Healthcare management is increasingly utilizing Business more clinical interventions in terms of costs and outcomes.
Process Management (BPM) frameworks to improve There are four main types of health economic assessments:
managerial efficiency and workforce performance cost minimization, cost-effectiveness, cost–benefit, and
(Buttigieg et al., 2016). cost advantage. Cost minimization is used when the

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2025) 79 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.8492