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Gene & Protein in Disease β-cell regeneration and stem cell niche

non-β- to β-cell by activating innate adaptive pathways. islets, which are crucial for islet development. Targeting
Paracrine and immunomodulatory pathways play a GPCRs shows potential in modulating pancreatic islet
critical role in the therapeutic effect of transplantation. function by promoting cell replication and proliferation.
Including undifferentiated stem or progenitor cells in RNA-seq datasets from human and mouse islets have been
the transplant strategy is essential. The replacement instrumental in determining GPCR expression profiles
technique entails transplanting β-cells, or β-cell-like cells, and their effect on islet function.
either naturally matured from cadaveric or xenogeneic
islets or from a donor pancreas, along with a strict Acknowledgments
immunosuppression regimen, following several ex vivo For inspiration, the author (Rajiv Kumar) heartily
pretreatments. For more sophisticated options, artificial acknowledges his younger brother Bitto.
pancreas transplants offer a solution by shielding donor
islets from the recipient’s immune system. However, Funding
creating β-cell-like cells ex vivo from progenitors or None.
differentiated somatic cells through exposure to small-
molecule inducers or genetic alterations poses greater Conflict of interest
challenges. Reprogrammed cells, while sharing many
characteristics with other cells, partially retain some of The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
their original characteristics, requiring further research Author contributions
on their safety.
Conceptualization: Rajiv Kumar
7. Conclusion Writing-original draft: Rajiv Kumar

Systems biology combines existing treatments to Writing-review & editing: All authors
predict reactions and improve drug effectiveness. While Ethics approval and consent to participate
computational biology faces challenges, researchers
strive for publications that comprehensively cover all Not applicable.
aspects, provide new insights into biological processes,
and optimize computational approaches. Data must be Consent for publication
meticulously characterized and stored for re-analysis, and Not applicable.
collaboration between computational and evolutionary
biologists can lead to more fruitful investigations. Availability of data
Combining computational and predictive models with Not applicable.
control rules can enhance therapeutic performance.
Regenerative medicine, which focuses on promoting the References
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momentum alongside biotechnological advancements. Our mellitus: The emerging role of islet cell transplant. Ann
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the shape and functionality of tissues and organs affected
by disease or trauma, continues to expand, enriching doi: 10.6065/apem.2142012.006
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pathophysiological mechanisms, predicting survival derived from stem cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2022;40:1042-1055.
rates, identifying biomarkers and therapies, detecting doi: 10.1038/s41587-022-01219-z
haploinsufficient genes, and conducting random drug 3. Tewary M, Shakiba N, Zandstra PW. Stem cell
testing. Human PSC-derived organoids offer robust tools bioengineering: Building from stem cell biology. Nat Rev
for drug development and cancer research. Computer- Genet. 2018;19:595-614.
based cell labeling can be achieved through annotation,
comparison with benchmark datasets, and interpretation. doi: 10.1038/s41576-018-0040-z.
Recent advancements in understanding the structure– 4. Khand BK, Bhonde RR. Can functionally mature islet β-cells
function correlations of GPCRs have accelerated drug be derived from pluripotent stem cells? A step towards
development, particularly in preventing disorders such ready-to-use β-cells in type 1 diabetes. Curr Stem Cell Res
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GPCRs regulate hormone production from pancreatic doi: 10.2174/1574888x15666200621171726

Volume 3 Issue 2 (2024) 16 doi: 10.36922/gpd.2996