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Gene & Protein in Disease Modulating immune response in liver by curcumin

crucial for inhibiting HSC activation and promoting the Availability of data
synthesis of the cellular antioxidant glutathione.
Not applicable.
To summarize, curcumin shows great promise as a
hepatoprotective agent. Compared to other medications, References
curcumin stands out as an exceptionally affordable and 1. Kubes P, Jenne C. Immune responses in the liver. Annu Rev
harmless natural substance that can effectively prevent and Immunol. 2018;36:247-277.
treat liver disorders. Its anti-inflammatory properties make it doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052415
a potential therapeutic option for protecting the liver against
chronic inflammatory insults and various hepatotoxic 2. Qin T, Chen X, Meng J, et al. The role of curcumin in the liver-
substances. Curcumin’s pharmacological actions primarily gut system diseases: From mechanisms to clinical therapeutic
involve interactions with different molecular targets, with perspective. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023:1-30.
one notable pathway being the inhibition of NF-κB. While doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2204349
NF-κB modulation is a broad mechanism, curcumin’s 3. Nemeth E, Baird AW, O’Farrelly C. Microanatomy of the liver
anti-inflammatory effects are specifically attributed to immune system. Semin Immunopathol. 2009;31(3):333-343.
its ability to decrease the activity of key enzymes such as doi: 10.1007/s00281-009-0173-4
cyclooxygenase-2, lipoxygenase, and inducible NOS. In
addition, curcumin plays a role in immunoregulation by 4. Janeway CA Jr. The immune system evolved to discriminate
inhibiting various cytokines and chemokines, which are infectious nonself from noninfectious self. Immunol Today.
important mediators in the inflammatory process and 1992;13(1):11-16.
immune cell recruitment. Given the liver’s central role in doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(92)90198-G
immune regulation and inflammation control, curcumin’s 5. Takeuchi O, Akira S. Pattern recognition receptors and
anti-fibrotic properties present a potential therapeutic inflammation. Cell. 2010;140(6):805-820.
option for liver-related inflammatory disorders. From doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.022
addressing damage caused by common pharmaceuticals
to mitigating environmental pollutants, curcumin’s ability 6. Dixon LJ, Barnes M, Tang H, Pritchard MT, Nagy LE.
to protect the liver provides valuable insights for future Kupffer cells in the liver. Compr Physiol. 2013;3(2):785-797.
research and clinical applications in hepatology. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c120026.
7. Bilzer M, Roggel F, Gerbes AL. Role of Kupffer cells in host
Acknowledgments defense and liver disease. Liver Int. 2006;26(10):1175-1186.
None. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2006.01342.x

Funding 8. Su GL, Klein RD, Aminlari A, et al. Kupffer cell activation
by lipopolysaccharide in rats: Role for lipopolysaccharide
None. binding protein and toll-like receptor 4. Hepatology.
2000;31(4):932-936.
Conflict of interest
doi: 10.1053/he.2000.5634
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
9. van Egmond M, van Garderen E, van Spriel AB, et al.
Author contributions FcalphaRI-positive liver Kupffer cells: Reappraisal of the
function of immunoglobulin A in immunity. Nat Med.
Conceptualization: Santosh Kar, Puneet Gandhi, Sitabja 2000;6(6):680-685.
Mukherjee doi: 10.1038/76261
Writing – original draft: Prashant Anilkumar Singh, Sitabja
Mukherjee 10. Elsegood CL, Chan CW, Degli-Esposti MA, et al. Kupffer
cell-monocyte communication is essential for initiating
Writing – review & editing: Prashant Anilkumar Singh, murine liver progenitor cell-mediated liver regeneration.
Sitabja Mukherjee, Santosh Kar Hepatology. 2015;62(4):1272-1284.
Ethics approval and consent to participate doi: 10.1002/hep.27977
Not applicable. 11. Kolios G, Valatas V, Kouroumalis E. Role of Kupffer cells
in the pathogenesis of liver disease. World J Gastroenterol.
Consent for publication 2006;12(46):7413-7420.
Not applicable. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i46.7413

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2024) 14 doi: 10.36922/gpd.3186