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Gene & Protein in Disease                                            Monogenic lupus and interferonopathies



            Acknowledgments                                       2021;17(10):585-595.

            None.                                                 doi: 10.1038/s41584-021-00652-9
                                                               4.   Manthiram K, Zhou Q, Aksentijevich I, Kastner DL. The
            Funding                                               monogenic autoinflammatory diseases define new pathways
            None.                                                 in human innate immunity and inflammation. Nat Immunol.
                                                                  2017;18(8):832-842.
            Conflict of interest                                  doi: 10.1038/ni.3777

            The authors declare that they have no competing interests.  5.   Lucherini OM, Rigante D, Sota J, et al. Updated overview
                                                                  of molecular pathways involved in the  most common
            Author contributions                                  monogenic autoinflammatory diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol.
            Conceptualization: All authors                        2018 Jan-Feb;36 Suppl 110(1):3-9.
            Investigation: All authors                         6.   Başaran  Ö,  Bilginer  Y,  Özen  S.  Rare  autoinflammatory
            Methodology: Sulaiman M. Al-Mayouf                    diseases. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2022;57(1):18-25.
            Writing – original draft: Sulaiman M. Al-Mayouf       doi: 10.5152/Turk Arch Pediatr.2022.21303
            Writing – review & editing: All authors
                                                               7.   Mendonça LO, Frémond ML. Interferonopathies: From
            Ethics approval and consent to participate            concept to clinical practice. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol.
                                                                  2024;38:101975.
            This study adheres to the ethical principles outlined in      doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2024.101975
            the Declaration of Helsinki (2000); the Research Advisory
            Council guidelines of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and   8.   Lo MS.  Concepts  in lupus pathophysiology:  Lessons
            Research Center, Riyadh; and the Saudi Arabian legislation.   learned from disease across the spectrum.  Clin Immunol.
            This work was conducted as part of a previously approved   2022;238:109021.
            study (study number 2221105). All clinical and laboratory      doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109021
            assessments were performed as part of the standard   9.   Catalina MD, Owen KA, Labonte AC, Grammer  AC,
            medical care. Informed consent for genetic testing was   Lipsky PE. The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus:
            obtained from the parents during blood extraction, as part   Harnessing big data to understand the molecular basis of
            of patient care. All collected data were examined under   lupus. J Autoimmun. 2020;110:102359.
            confidentiality practices, ensuring no personal information      doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102359
            was disclosed.
                                                               10.  Adams DE, Shao WH. Epigenetic alterations in immune
            Consent for publication                               cells of systemic lupus erythematosus and therapeutic
                                                                  implications. Cells. 2022;11(3):506.
            Verbal consent was obtained from each patient’s parents
            for publication of their data and/or images.          doi: 10.3390/cells11030506
                                                               11.  Araki  Y,  Mimura  T.  Epigenetic  dysregulation  in  the
            Availability of data                                  pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci.

            Data are available from the corresponding author upon   2024;25(2):1019.
            reasonable request.                                   doi: 10.3390/ijms25021019

            References                                         12.  Alperin JM, Ortiz-Fernández L, Sawalha AH. Monogenic
                                                                  lupus: A  developing paradigm of disease.  Front Immunol.
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                                                               13.  Omarjee O, Picard C, Frachette C,  et  al. Monogenic
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            Volume 4 Issue 3 (2025)                         5                           doi: 10.36922/GPD025080019
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