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Global Translational Medicine Autoimmune diseases after vaccination

possible components within HPV vaccine contributing
to the etiology of these neurological adverse events have
not been identified. It is a clinically testable hypothesis
that reducing or eliminating the aluminum adjuvant from
HPV vaccines might mitigate or eliminate these ADAEs.
The observed ADAEs associated with HPV vaccine exhibit
a unique pattern, which does share some similarities with
those linked to hepatitis A and B (HEP) vaccines.
4.3. Hepatitis A and B vaccines

Similar to HPV vaccines, HEP vaccines also contain
aluminum as an adjuvant . The highest frequencies of
[39]
ADAEs associated with HEP vaccines, expressed as a
percentage of common adverse events, include multiple
sclerosis (1.18%), arthritis (0.73%), rheumatoid arthritis
(0.43%), alopecia (0.40%), optic neuritis (0.35%), vasculitis
Figure 4. The age of COVID-19 vaccinees experiencing various (0.32%), systemic lupus erythematosus (0.31%), GBS
autoimmune disease adverse events.
(0.29%), eczema (0.27%), uveitis (0.27%), chronic fatigue
syndrome (0.14%), and more (Table S1). Furthermore,
the highest descending order of correlations, expressed as there have been case reports of multiple autoimmune
a percentage of common adverse events, include postural diseases following HPV immunization , encompassing
[40]
orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) (1.91%), conditions such as arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis [41,42] ,
alopecia (1.72%), multiple sclerosis (0.87%), chronic alopecia , optic neuritis [44,45] , vasculitis [46,47] , systemic
[43]
fatigue syndrome (0.83%), systemic lupus erythematosus lupus erythematosus , and GBS . In addition, there
[49]
[48]
(0.70%), GBS (0.59%), narcolepsy (0.34%), complex
regional pain syndrome (0.30%), arthritis (0.30%), optic was a previous report suggesting a potential association
[50]
neuritis (0.24%), rheumatoid arthritis (0.22%), uveitis between the hepatitis B vaccine and multiple sclerosis ,
(0.21%), eczema (0.21%), juvenile idiopathic arthritis although it was subsequently found to have a strong family
(0.20%), Raynaud’s phenomenon (0.20%), restless legs history of multiple sclerosis, with an overrepresentation of
[51]
syndrome (0.20%), Crohn’s disease (0.17%), Type 1 the HLA-DR2 antigen (as reviewed in Pordeus et al. ).
diabetes mellitus (0.16%), autoimmune thyroiditis (0.15%), The frequency pattern of ADAEs for HEP vaccines appears
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (0.14%), vasculitis different from that of ADAEs for HPV vaccines (Table S1),
[22]
(0.14%), Lyme disease (0.13%), and Sjogren’s syndrome possibly implicating aluminum in combination with
(0.11%) (Table S1). Furthermore, it is important to additional factors contributing to the etiologies of ADAEs
highlight that multiple ADAEs manifest with neurological associated with these vaccines. Similar to HPV vaccines,
implications. Multiple autoimmune diseases have been the presence of multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, systemic
reported in case reports following HPV immunization, lupus erythematosus, GBS, and chronic fatigue syndrome
including POTS , systemic lupus erythematous , as ADAEs establishes a set of neurological ADAEs
[32]
[31]
myasthenia gravis , complex regional pain syndrome associated with HEP vaccines. Moreover, like HPV
[33]
(CRPS) , arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis , uveitis , vaccines, HEP vaccines also incorporate aluminum as
[32]
[34]
[35]
vasculitis , and pseudoneurological syndrome . In an adjuvant. Therefore, it is plausible that to consider the
[37]
[36]
addition, antinuclear antibodies were found to be enriched reduction or elimination of aluminum from HEP vaccines
in patients with autoimmune-like symptoms following as clinically testable approach to potentially reduce the
HPV vaccination . The ADAEs associated with HPV occurrence of neurological and other ADAEs associated
[38]
vaccination present as non-random signals higher than with HEP vaccines.
the expected background ADAEs (Table S2). Several of 4.4. Influenza, pneumococcal, and varicella-zoster
these ADAEs, such as POTS, multiple sclerosis, chronic vaccines
fatigue syndrome, systemic lupus erythematous, GBS,
narcolepsy, CRPS, optic neuritis, restless legs syndrome, Influenza displays the strongest association with GBS [5-7] .
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and myasthenia Moreover, GBS appears to be associated with multiple
gravis, are neurological in nature. This raises concerns vaccines, including HPV, varicella-zoster, HEP, and others
given that HPV vaccines include the aluminum adjuvant, (Tables S1 and S3). The pneumococcal (PNC) vaccine
which is known to be neurotoxic [3,22] . To date, other demonstrates significant associations with eczema,
Volume 2 Issue 3 (2023) 7 https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.1455