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Global Translational Medicine

REVIEW ARTICLE
Connecting the dots: A systematic exploration

of coronavirus disease 2019 and acute kidney
injury through meta-analysis

Md. Safiullah Sarker 1 , Mohammed Moshtaq Pervez 2 , and Rubiyat Jahan *
3
1 Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka,
Bangladesh
2 Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research,
Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3 Graduate Program in Education, Asian University for Women, 20 M.M. Ali. Road, Chittagong,
Bangladesh

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a global threat,
yet our understanding of acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients remains
incomplete, with studies reporting conflicting data on its prevalence. This meta-
analysis aims to clarify the progression of AKI and the associated mortality risk in this
patient population through a systematic review of the literature up to June 8, 2023.
Studies included in this analysis report clinical characteristics, AKI incidence, and
mortality risk. Analysis of five studies identified older age (73 – 75) and male gender
(67 – 84.2%) as significant risk factors for severe illness. COVID-19 patients who
developed AKI had over five times the mortality risk compared to those without AKI.
*Corresponding author: The median time from disease onset to diagnosis was 8.5 days (interquartile range
Rubiyat Jahan [IQR]: 4 – 11), with a median fatality time of 13.5 days (IQR: 8 – 17) post-admission
(rubiyat.sarker@auw.edu.bd) among non-survivors. Systemic inflammation, acute myocardial injury, and acute
Citation: Sarker MS, Pervez MM, respiratory distress syndrome were prevalent among non-survivors, along with
Jahan R. Connecting the dots: significant abnormalities in biochemical and immunological markers. This analysis
A systematic exploration of
coronavirus disease 2019 and acute underscores the importance of early intervention and highlights the dynamic
kidney injury through meta-analysis. changes in biochemical and immunological markers as the disease progresses,
Global Transl Med. 2024:3(3):2798. suggesting a need for further research to understand the mechanisms underlying
doi: 10.36922/gtm.2798
AKI in COVID-19 patients.
Received: January 22, 2024
Accepted: May 17, 2024
Published Online: September 23, Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Coronavirus disease 2019; Coronavirus; Mortality; Severe
2024
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Non-survivor; In-hospital death
Copyright: © 2024 Author(s).
This is an Open-Access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution
License, permitting distribution, 1. Introduction
and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is As of June 8, 2023, the Worldometer reported 690,140,273 confirmed cases of
properly cited. coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with 6,896,133 deaths globally. The
1
Publisher’s Note: AccScience COVID-19 outbreak began in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019
Publishing remains neutral with and rapidly spread worldwide. It is now well-established that the novel coronavirus is
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional more dangerous than a typical respiratory virus, with physicians noting its potential
affiliations. to cause blood clots and multiorgan failure. Notably, a subset of COVID-19 patients

Volume 3 Issue 3 (2024) 1 doi: 10.36922/gtm.2798