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Global Translational Medicine Low-dose radiation

Table 1. Chronologically ordered studies of exposed populations in the Urals with special reference to cardiovascular and
cerebrovascular conditions
Year of Studied population (s) Main findings and conclusions References
publication
1990 EURT Average dose~0.5 Sv. No increase in radiation-related diseases Buldakov et al. 14
1991 Review At annual doses of 150 mSv and accumulated doses of 250 mSv, Buldakov 23
life expectancy did not shorten. The effects of low doses cannot be
detected by epidemiology. Unfavorable effects are overestimated. The
favorable effects of low doses are “undoubted.”
1991 EURT No significant increase in morbidity and chromosomal abnormalities Krestinina et al. 24
15
1994 EURT evacuees No significant changes in mortality Kostyuchenko and Krestinina
239
1995 Radiochemical industry 10 – 1000 mGy (92.4% <500 mGy); incorporation of Plutonium- : Dudchenko and Okladnikova 25
70 – 7620 Bq (86% <1480 Bq). No frequency increase in ischemic
heart disease (IHD). From the literature: myocardial changes with
function decline develop after acute exposures to 20 – 50 Gy.
2002 MPA For lung cancer induction, an effect was demonstrated for high Tokarskaya et al. 17
external gamma-ray doses (>2.0 Gy) plus high 239Pu intake. Results
indicate that cancer risks at low doses are generally overestimated.
2000 MPA No radiation-induced conditions were found. The overall morbidity Okladnikova et al. 16
was designated as low.
2004 Review EURT: The overall and cancer morbidity rates were not different from Akleev et al. 13
the general population. Techa River cohort: absolute risk of leukemia
3.5 times lower than among atomic bomb survivors in Japan.
2005 Personnel in contact with External doses of 0.58 – 2.02 mSv/year. Average airborne radioactivity Sumina et al. 26
highly enriched uranium at workplaces is up to 0.74 Bq/m , occasionally up to 5.9 (permitted
3
3
1.0 Bq/m ). No increase in potentially radiogenic non-cancer morbidity.
2007 Personnel of nuclear reactors The first signs of early (age<45 years) cerebral atherosclerosis Okladnikova et al. 27
since 1948 appeared after exposures to high doses (accumulated 4.3 Gy; annual
>2.5 Gy). The mortality structure was the same as in the general
population. Chronic external exposure to gamma rays within
permitted limits did not cause radiation-induced abnormalities.
2008 Techa River cohort Average dose, 0.04 Gy; maximal, 0.47 Gy. Significant dose–response Ostroumova et al. 20
relationship for breast cancer
2010 Techa River cohort Radiation-related cancer risk “not less” than that among atomic bomb Akleev and Krestinina 18
survivors in Japan
2012 Occupationally exposed The risk of death from IHD was significantly higher in workers with Azizova et al. 28
workers absorbed doses to the liver >0.025 Gy from internal alpha radiation.
2012 MPA The incidence of CeVD was significantly higher in workers chronically Moseeva et al. 29
exposed to external gamma rays at ≥1.0 Gy. Significantly increased
CeVD incidence with internal liver exposure to plutonium alpha
radiation. Higher risks than among atomic bomb survivors in Japan.
2014 MPA Morbidity of aortic atherosclerosis significantly increased at external Azizova et al. 30
doses ≥0.5 Gy (all subjects) and internal doses ≥0.025 Gy (females only)
2015 MPA Significant upward trends in CeVD with increasing total absorbed Azizova et al. 31
dose from external gamma and internal alpha radiations
2016 MPA Significant association of lower extremity arterial disease incidence Azizova et al. 32
with the total dose from external gamma rays
2019 EURT and Techa River Increase in mortality from all circulatory diseases, including IHD Krestinina et al. 33
cohorts
2023 MPA Significantly increased IHD mortality per unit of external gamma-ray Azizova et al. 34
exposure (0.005 – 0.050 Gy/year).
Abbreviations: CeVD: Cerebrovascular diseases; DDREF: Dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor; ERR: Excess relative risk; EURT: East Urals
radioactive trace; ICRP: International Commission on Radiological Protection; IHD: Ischemic heart disease; MPA: Mayak Production Association;
SU: Soviet Union; UNSCEAR: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation.

Volume 4 Issue 1 (2025) 58 doi: 10.36922/gtm.7229