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International Journal of Bioprinting Supramolecular hydrogels as bioinks

Figure 1. Recent publication trends and examples of host–guest molecules involved in the supramolecular interactions. (A) Recent publication
trends of different supramolecular hydrogels, based on a PubMed search of keywords: “supramolecular hydrogels,” “supramolecular hydrogel bioinks
3D bioprinting,” and “supramolecular hydrogel 3D printing.” (B) Publication trend of specific types of supramolecular hydrogels using appropriate
keywords. (C) Schematic representation of the dynamic interactions of host–guest chemistry and functional groups involved. Abbreviations: PEG:
Poly(ethylene glycol); MV: Methyl viologen; Nap: Naphthalene; Azo: Azobenzene; PPO: Poly(propylene oxide); PHB: Poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate; PCL:
Polycaprolactone; AAP: Arylazopyrazole; MeHA: Methacrylated hyaluronic acid; MoS : Molybdenite; γ-PP P1-P5: γ-Phenylalanine peptides 1 to 5; Fmoc-
2
Cl: Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride; Fmoc-Ph: Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protected phenylalanine; SPM: Supramolecular hydrogel.

development of ultrahigh concentrations of water (up to hydrogels not only provides aqueous compatibility for
99.7 wt%) in supramolecular hydrogels by incorporating biomedical applications but also contributes to lubricity
commercially available polymers and conjugation and facilitates the diffusion of solutes. Furthermore, the
techniques. 7,8,22 The water-retention ability of these possibility of loading various pharmaceutical agents and

Volume 10 Issue 3 (2024) 4 doi: 10.36922/ijb.3223