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Tan C, et al.

Figure 11. Patent drawing by Anjan Contractor showing a cleaning chamber that can utilize hot water, cold water, radiation and also
[39]
cleaning agents for cleaning the parts of the printer in contact with food material.

printers are constantly being developed to suit their
clients’ needs. An example of a recent patented design
includes a punch-fill cartridge system to facilitate fast
refilling of dough-like materials (Figure 13).
[42]
Since the emergence of tissue engineering, most
Another patent that seems useful for food printing
includes one that may solve the root cause of nozzle
occlusion, a frustrating yet frequent phenomenon [43] . A
high shear is applied along the flow path of the material
just prior to the nozzle with a return flow path for some
technical reasons mentioned in the patent.
A real-world example of a TNO-developed printer
is the Barilla pasta printer. The printable dough is all-
natural and consists of only durum wheat semolina and
water [41] . The simple ingredients however, can achieve
complex 3D structures (Figure 14).
3.1.13 Zmorph 2.0 VX multitool 3D printer equipped
with thick paste extruder (Figure 6N) by Zmorph,
Poland [45]
The Zmorph 2.0 VX is a modular system like the
Fab@Home model 3. When equipped with the thick
paste extruder (Figure 15), it will be able to print food
pastes. It also has a magnetic mount which can also
accommodate on-demand attachments for user-specific
needs (e.g. extra cooling fans etc.). Furthermore, Zmorph
Figure 12. Patent drawing by Valenzuela [40] of PancakeBot’s [45]
batter dispensing system has developed a unique Closed Loop System which

International Journal of Bioprinting (2018)–Volume 4, Issue 2 9