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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Extrusion Printed Silk Fibroin Scaffolds with
Post-mineralized Calcium Phosphate as a Bone
Structural Material
Ruya Shi , Xingxing Cai , Guanping He , Juan Guan *, Yuzeng Liu *, Hongyi Lu , Zhinan Mao ,
1
1†
2
1,3
2
2
1†
Yan Li , Hongbo Guo , Yong Hai 2
1,3
1,3
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
2 Department of Orthopedics, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University,
Beijing 100020, China
3 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beijing 100083, China
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
Abstract: Artificial bone materials are of high demand due to the frequent occurrence of bone damage from trauma, disease,
and ageing. Three-dimensional (3D) printing can tailor-make structures and implants based on biomaterial inks, rendering
personalized bone medicine possible. Herein, we extrusion-printed 3D silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds using mixed inks from SF and
sodium alginate (SA), and post-mineralized various calcium phosphates to make hybrid SF scaffolds. The effects of printing
conditions and mineralization conditions on the mechanical properties of SF scaffolds were investigated. The SF scaffolds
from ~10 wt% SF ink exhibited a compressive modulus of 240 kPa, which was elevated to ~1600 kPa after mineralization,
showing a significant reinforcement effect. Importantly, the mineralized SF 3D scaffolds exhibited excellent MC3T3-E1 cell
viability and promoted osteogenesis. The work demonstrates a convenient strategy to fabricate SF-based hybrid 3D scaffolds
with bone-mimetic components and desirable mechanical properties for bone tissue engineering.
Keywords: 3D-printing; Structural biomaterial; Mineralization; Hybrid material
*Correspondence to: Juan Guan, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; juan.guan@buaa.
edu.cn; Yuzeng Liu, Department of Orthopedics, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University,
No. 8 Gongtinanlu, Beijing 100020, China; beijingspine2010@163.com
Received: March 04, 2022; Accepted: June 12, 2022; Published Online: July 26, 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Novel Materials and Processing for Medical 3D Printing and Bioprinting)
Citation: Shi R, Cai X, He G, et al., 2022. Extrusion Printed Silk Fibroin Scaffolds with Post-mineralized Calcium Phosphate as a Bone
Structural Material. Int J Bioprint, 8(4): 596. http://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v8i4.596
1. Introduction Three-dimensional (3D) printing provides a method
to process materials into devices through computer-aided
The incidence rate of bone injury and defect is increasing design [5,6] . The large design freedom in the composition and
due to the aging of the global population and the ever-
increasing rate of cancer and tumor [1,2] . Despite being the structure of materials across multiple scales as well as the
clinical gold standard, traditional bone implant materials production efficiency make the technology highly popular
based on titanium alloys have disadvantages of low in biomedical engineering, for example, 3D-printed
induction, high incidence of interfacial detachment, and scaffolds for bone and cartilage repair [7,8] . Among different
inability to degrade in vivo. Therefore, there has been techniques, the extrusion-based printing is the most widely
continued and concerted efforts in developing implants used technique with high “ink” designability and printing
based on biopolymer and biominerals that exhibit improved efficiency [9,10] . Ideal bio-inks for 3D printing should have
biocompatibility and body-absorption properties [3,4] . good mechanical properties, rheological properties,
© 2022 Author(s). This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting distribution and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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