Page 15 - IJPS-10-4

International Journal of
Population Studies Healthcare access and use among rural–urban migrants

Table 3. (Continued)
Author, year of Outcome (s) Main finding (s)
publication Barrier (s) Coping mechanism (s) Health system factors/
Possible interventions
Lattof, 2017 (i) Financial and language (i) Relied on religious power. (i) Design culturally Reform and design culturally
barriers. (ii) Self-medication. appropriate care. sensitive health systems.
(ii) Stigma and (iii) Social support. (ii) Higher indigent
discrimination. (iv) Seeking medical help exemptions than the
(iii) Long processing times to from drug/licensed national average.
renew NHIS membership. chemical sellers. (iii) Reform the NHIS’s
(iv) Ignorant of the exemption criteria.
health-care costs.
Teye, 2019 (i) Challenges to enrolling on (i) Self-medication. Robust NHIS system. The majority of migrants
the NHIS. (ii) Traditional healers or drug (50.9%) have limited access
(ii) Financial barriers. peddlers. to healthcare than the
non-migrants (33.6%).
Owusu & Yeboah, (i) Financial and physical N/A (i) Substantial health Economic, cultural, and
2018 challenges. investment. institutional factors affect
(ii) Long waiting times and (ii) Develop mobile health access to and utilization of
disappointments of not clinics in slum areas. health-care services.
receiving prescribed (iii) Behavioral change
medication. on the part of health
(iii) Unsatisfactory conduct of officials.
health providers. (iv) Intensive health
(iv) Unequal distribution of awareness campaigns.
health resources.
(iv) Cultural and language
differences.
Munemo et al., 2021 (i) Poor attitudes of Family N/A N/A Social and cultural barriers
Planning Nurses. and institutional challenges
(ii) Male dominance, that is, affect the utilization of family
cultural norms. planning services by migrant
(iii) Lack of physical access female head porters.
and operational days and
time of health facilities.
Lattof, 2018 Financial constraints and Rely on prayers to feel better. N/A Socioeconomic challenges and
long waiting times at health lack of social support affect the
facilities. mental health of migrants.
Boateng, 2020 (i) Delays in processing health (i) The majority of (i) Improve community The majority of female head
insurance cards. migrants (67%) seek participation in the porters sought care from
(ii) Financial barriers, that is, health medication from District’s Mutual Health over-the-counter chemical
high out-of-pocket health over-the-counter chemical Insurance. sellers.
expenses. sellers. (ii) Introduce high indigent
(iii) Poor quality of care. (ii) Borrow money for their exemption.
medical bills. (iii) Establish mobile clinics
and organize health
outreach programs.
Yiran et al., 2015 (i) Hostile attitude of health Use of over-the-counter Establish a mobile Lack of health facilities in slum
professionals. medicines, drug peddlers, and health-care system. areas, high cost of maternal
(ii) Proximity challenges, local herbalists. healthcare, delays and longer
language barrier, longer waiting times and strong
waiting times at health preference for traditional
facilities, and financial medicines by migrants.
accessibility.
Shamsu-Deen & (i) Proximity of the health Drug peddlers, local N/A The majority of migrants
Adadow, 2019 facilities. herbalists, and licensed (75.5%) seek healthcare from
(ii) Availability of health staff. chemical shops. traditional healers and licensed
drug sellers.
Note: N/A represents the study did not examine the outcome.
Abbreviation: NHIS: National Health Insurance Scheme.

Volume 10 Issue 4 (2024) 9 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.2314