Page 129 - IJPS-11-4

International Journal of
Population Studies Environmental impact on Ukraine’s quality of life

• PolAir represents the emission of pollutants into the • Health refers to government expenditures on
t
atmosphere in the Carpathian region, while PolWater t healthcare in the Carpathian region. As with the
refers to the discharge of contaminated return water previous variable, the coefficient of this indicator in
into the surface runoff in the region. Both indicators the regression model was expected to be negative.
showed a declining trend during the research period • μ represents the residual term.
(Figure 3), although at different rates. Both were
expected to directly impact the dependent variable. Differencing was applied to the variables to address
• Env represents government expenditure on environmental potential non-stationarity issues and enhance the analytical
t
protection in the Carpathian region. It allows for the robustness. This transformation ensures that the analysis
indirect consideration of state environmental policy on captures changes over time rather than static levels, which
public health. The coefficient for this indicator in the may be influenced by broader structural factors unrelated
regression model was expected to be negative. to the study’s scope.

Figure 2. The mortality rate in the Carpathian region per 1,000 people
Source: Authors’ own representation based on data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine.

Figure 3. Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere and surface waters in the Carpathian region, from 2001 to 2020
Source: Authors’ own representation based on the data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine.

Volume 11 Issue 4 (2025) 123 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.4487