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Rajaa, et al.

Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of cases and controls among selected wards in urban Puducherry, n=140.
Study characteristic Cases Controls P‑value*
frequency, n (%) frequency, n (%)
Years of education (in years)
<10 36 (51.4) 35 (50) 0.97
11–12 11 (15.7) 12 (17.1)
>12 23 (32.8) 23 (32.9)
Religion
Hindu 61 (87.1) 62 (88.5) 0.79
Others 9 (12.9) 8 (11.4)
Occupation of mother
Housewife 56 (80.0) 60 (85.7) 0.37
Working 14 (20.0) 10 (14.3)
Occupation of father
Unskilled 9 (12.9) 4 (5.7) 0.33
Semiskilled 42 (60.0) 47 (67.1)
Skilled 19 (27.1) 19 (27.1)
Socioeconomic status (Modified BG Prasad Scale) (Majhi et al., 2021)
Lower class 1 (1.4) 5 (7.1) 0.04 †
Lower-middle class 14 (20.0) 19 (27.1)
Middle class 15 (21.4) 21 (30.0)
Upper-middle class 15 (21.4) 14 (20.0)
Upper class 25 (35.7) 11 (15.7)
Parity
1 32 (45.7) 28 (40.0) 0.37
2 35 (50.0) 37 (52.9)
3 3 (4.3) 5 (7.1)
Institution of delivery
Private 22 (31.4) 13 (18.5) 0.07
Government 48 (68.6) 57 (81.4)
Birth weight
Low birth weight (<2.5 kg) 10 (47.6) 11 (52.4) 0.81
Normal birth weight (>2.5 60 (50.4) 59 (49.6)
kg)
*Chi-square test, †statistically significant

during delivery with (aOR of 11.02, CI: 1.6 – 73.8), and belonging to middle and upper class emerged as independent risk
predictors with an aOR of 3.3 (CI: 1.0 – 10.8) and 23.55 (CI: 1.2 – 463.8), respectively, even after adjusting for all other
factors which turned significant during unadjusted analysis.
4. Discussion

This was a community-based matched case–control study conducted among selected urban wards of Puducherry to assess
the risk factors for CS and compared to vaginal delivery. The proportion of CS deliveries among all deliveries during the
past 3 years was found to be 34.4%. This found to be in accordance with the CS rates in Puducherry according to NFHS-4
but almost twice that of the national average (Matkar, 2017; Srivastava et al., 2020). In our study, four factors, namely,
middle and upper socioeconomic class, antenatal complications such as previous history of LSCS, and malpresentation
during delivery were found to be the independent predictors of CS.

International Journal of Population Studies | 2021, Volume 7, Issue 1 69