Page 65 - IJPS-9-3

International Journal of
Population Studies COVID-19 effects on parent burnout

Table 1. (Continued) 2.2.4. Parent Burnout Assessment (PBA)
Characteristics % Parent burnout was measured using the scale developed by
Perception of the impact of COVID19 restrictions and Roskam et al. (2018). The scale consists of 23 items and
regulations on daily life is scored with a seven-point Likert scale ranging from
Affected very negatively 11.1 “never” to “every day.” The Turkish adaptation of the scale
Affected negatively 53.8 was carried out by Arikan et al. (2020). The scale consists
of four subdimensions, namely, “Emotional Exhaustion,”
Not sure 19.5 “Contrast,” “Feelings of Being Fed Up,” and “Emotional
Affected positively/very positively 15.8 Distancing.” The total score of the scale was used in the
Time spent with children, except sleeping analysis in this study. Cronbach’s alpha was.86 for the
0 – 4 h 36.6 overall parent burnout scale.
5 – 8 h 29.5 2.3. Statistical analysis
≥9 h 33.9
Normality and linearity tests were conducted to ensure that
assumptions of normality and linearity were met. Normality
the International Personality Inventory Pool project based was evaluated according to Skewness and Kurtosis values.
on the Five Factor Theory of Personality created by Robert Values between −1 and +1 were considered sufficient for
McCrae and revised by Costa and McCrae (Goldberg, 1999; the normality distribution; thus, parametric tests were
Goldberg et al., 2006; Yöyen, 2016). The Turkish validity used. Extreme values were excluded from the data set.
and reliability study of the scale was conducted by Yöyen The mean, standard deviation values, and minimum and
(2016) and consisted of 40 items in its final form. Each item maximum values of the total and subscales of the scales
was rated on a five-point Likert scale from “I do not agree” were calculated. Cronbach’s alpha values for reliability were
to “I agree.” On the opposite end of each dimension, there calculated. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze
are dimensions that describe the opposite characteristics: the relationships between variables. Independent t-test and
introversion for extroversion, emotional instability for one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed
emotional stability, hostility for agreeableness, closedness for the intergroup comparative analysis. Sequential linear
for openness, and disorganization for conscientiousness. regression analyses were conducted for the predictive
It is thought that IPISV is preferred in research as a power of related variables for parent burnout.
reliable tool in the short, fast and practical psychometric
measurement, and evaluation of personality (Yöyen, 2016). 3. Results
In this study, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.78 for emotional
instability, 0.67 for extraversion, 0.67 for introversion, 3.1. Comparison of parent burnout mean scores
0.66 for agreeableness, 0.68 for the hostility subscale, 0.60 between groups
for conscientiousness, 0.50 for unconscientious, and 0.64 The differentiation status of parent burnout according to
for openness to experience. The total Cronbach’s alpha demographic variables and COVID-19 experiences was
coefficient of the scale was determined as 0.82. examined by means of independent t-test and one-way
ANOVA. The results are presented in Table 2. As shown
2.2.3. The Big Three Perfectionism Scale–Short Form in Table 2, it was determined that the average scores of
(BTPS-SF) parent burnout did not differ statistically according to
The BTPS was developed by Smith et al. (2016) for the the number of children, gender of children, educational
evaluation of perfectionism using 45 items, whereas a SF level, work status, being diagnosed with COVID-19,
consisting of 16 items was created by Feher et al. (2020) death due to COVID-19, and perceptions of restrictions
and adapted into Turkish by Kaçar-Başaran et al. (2020). (p > 0.05). Results showed that the mean score of the
It consists of three subdimensions: “Rigid Perfectionism,” mothers (X ̅ = 14.75) was significantly higher than that of
“Self-Critical Perfectionism,” and “Narcissistic the fathers (X ̅ = 9.62). The mean score of the participants
Perfectionism.” Each item was rated on a five-point aged 25 – 35 (X ̅ = 14.24) was found to be significantly
Likert scale from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree.” higher than that of the participants aged 46 – 61 (X ̅ = 9.12).
An increase in the total score indicates an increase in the The mean score of the parents whose youngest child was
perfectionist personality trait. Cronbach’s alpha for the between the ages of 0 – 5 (X ̅ = 13.62) was significantly
current sample was 0.78 for the rigid perfectionism, 0.75 higher than that of the parents whose children were older
for the self-critical perfectionism, 0.70 for the narcissistic (X ̅ = 11.58). The mean scores of the participants who rated
perfectionism, and 0.88 for the total score of perfectionism. their emotional relationship with their partners as excellent

Volume 9 Issue 3 (2023) 59 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijps.387