Page 7 - ITPS-7-3

INNOSC Theranostics

and Pharmacological Sciences

EDITORIAL
Behavioral addictions beyond classic addictions

and their future perspectives

Jo-Eun Jeong 1† and Dai-Jin Kim *
2†
1 Department of Psychiatry, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University
of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
2 Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University
of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Behavioral Addictions: From Bench to Bedside)

1. Historical evolution of the concept of addictions

Over the past decades, the concept of addiction has undergone a profound evolution.
This evolution has also been reflected in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM), which is a widely used international diagnostic manual for mental
disorders. The first edition of the DSM-I, published in 1952, considered addiction as
primarily a personality issue and categorized it as sociopathic personality disturbance,
which also encompassed antisocial personality disorder. Consequently, addiction
was regarded as a secondary manifestation of personality disorders. In the DSM-II,
published in 1968, addiction was separated from antisocial personality disorder; yet, it
still remained within the realm of personality disorders.
It was not until the publication of the DSM-III in 1980 that addiction was finally
† These authors are the guest recognized as a distinct category, designated as “substance use disorders (SUDs).”
editors for this Special Issue. Furthermore, the DSM-III introduced criteria for substance abuse and substance
*Corresponding author: dependence within the context of SUD. This edition placed particular emphasis on
Dai-Jin Kim pharmacological criteria such as tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, rather than social
(kdj922@catholic.ac.kr)
problems related to substance use. Moreover, as pathological gambling came to be
Citation: Jeong J, Kim D. recognized as a disorder arising from impulse control issues, it was included under the
Behavioral addictions beyond
classic addictions and their category of impulse control disorders. In the revised third edition of the DSM (DSM-
future perspectives. INNOSC III-R), published in 1987, the diagnostic criteria for substance dependence underwent
Theranostics and Pharmacological a significant refinement. This was evident in the shift from a focus on pharmacological
Sciences. 2024;7(3):3558.
doi: 10.36922/itps.3558 criteria to a more comprehensive approach that encompassed behavioral syndromes,
including impaired control, the giving up of activities, and the continued use of substances
Received: May 1, 2024
despite the presence of adverse consequences. The publication of the DSM-IV in 1994
Published Online: July 4, 2024 saw the duration for substance abuse and dependence being revised from 1 month to
Copyright: © 2024 This is an Open- 12 months.
Access article distributed under the
1
terms of the Creative Commons The DSM-5, published in 2013, presents a significant attempt in transforming
AttributionNoncommercial License, the dimensional and structural aspects of addiction. First, the categories of abuse
permitting all non-commercial use,
distribution, and reproduction in any and dependence were merged into a single entity, and the criterion of “craving” was
medium, provided the original work incorporated, while the item “recurrent substance-related legal problems” was eliminated.
is properly cited. Another notable change was that DSM-5 expanded the scope of addiction to behavioral
Publisher’s Note: AccScience addictions. The term “pathological gambling” was replaced with “gambling disorder,”
Publishing remains neutral with and gambling disorder was reclassified from the “impulse control disorders” category to
regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional the “substance-related and addictive disorders” category. This change was based on the
affiliations acknowledgment that gambling disorder shares numerous similarities with SUD in terms

Volume 7 Issue 3 (2024) 1 doi: 10.36922/itps.3558