Page 34 - ITPS-8-2

INNOSC Theranostics and
Pharmacological Sciences The biochemical and biophysical guide for photodynamic therapy

reported during PDT, but these were primarily due to the Conflict of interest
use of inappropriate treatment protocols. For this reason,
researchers emphasize that, with the appropriate selection The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
of PSs and continuously refined therapy techniques, Author contributions
undesirable effects can be minimized or avoided. In
the development of PDT, a key focus should be on the Conceptualization: All authors
potential for combining PDT with other treatment Writing – original draft: All authors
modalities, such as immunotherapy or gene therapy. Such Writing – review & editing: All authors
combinations could significantly enhance the efficiency
and effectiveness of PDT in cancer treatment, leading Ethics approval and consent to participate
to improved clinical outcomes. Furthermore, ongoing Not applicable.
advancements in PDT involve the development of more
advanced phototherapy technologies and the refinement Consent for publication
of personalized treatment approaches, which tailor Not applicable.
therapy to individual patients based on their specific
needs and symptoms. For PDT to be a more effective Availability of data
tool in cancer therapy, efforts must focus on improving
its selectivity and precision, that is, further research Not applicable.
into better methods of delivering PSs to target areas and References
increasing the selectivity of PDT in killing pathological
cells while sparing healthy tissues. In addition, optimizing 1. Kessel, D. Photodynamic therapy: A brief history. J Clin
treatment protocols, including determining the ideal Med. 2019;8(10):1581.
PS doses, light exposure durations, and overall therapy doi: 10.3390/jcm8101581
length, could significantly increase the effectiveness of 2. Chilakamarthi U, Giribabu L. Photodynamic therapy: Past,
PDT. present and future. Chem Rec. 2017;17(8):775-802.

11. Conclusion doi: 10.1002/tcr.201600121
Despite its current successes, PDT continues to evolve and 3. Nowis D, Makowski M, Stokłosa T, Legat M, Issat T, Gołab J.
requires further research and innovation to fully realize its Direct tumor damage mechanisms of photodynamic
therapy. Acta Biochim Pol. 2005;52(2):339-352.
potential in treating various conditions. Both pre-clinical
and clinical studies have yielded promising results regarding 4. Kwiatkowski S, Knap B, Przystupski D, et al. Photodynamic
PDT as an effective method for treating cancers of various therapy - mechanisms, photosensitizers and combinations.
locations and stages. For PDT to be widely accepted by Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;106:1098-1107.
medical professionals as a legitimate treatment option, its doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.049
evolving mechanism and the positive outcomes observed 5. Luketich JD, Christie NA, Buenaventura PO, Weigel TL,
in past research must be acknowledged. To successfully Keenan RJ, Nguyen NT. Endoscopic photodynamic therapy
incorporate PDT into clinical practice, physicians need for obstructing esophageal cancer: 77 cases over a 2-year
comprehensive training not only in the technique itself period. Surg Endosc. 2000;14(7):653-657.
but also in the proper use of PSs, which are critical to the doi: 10.1007/s004640000144
therapy’s effectiveness. Unfortunately, mastering PDT for
cancer treatment requires an extended learning process, 6. Bown SG, Rogowska AZ, Whitelaw DE, et al. Photodynamic
partly due to the risk of side effects if the light activates therapy for cancer of the pancreas. Gut. 2002;50(4):549-557.
the PS in normal tissues, potentially causing harm. Despite doi: 10.1136/gut.50.4.549
these challenges, the promising results suggest that PDT 7. Abulafi AM, Allardice JT, Williams NS, van Someren N,
could become a key therapeutic approach in the fight Swain CP, Ainley C. Photodynamic therapy for malignant
against cancer. tumours of the ampulla of Vater. Gut. 1995;36(6):853-856.

Acknowledgments doi: 10.1136/gut.36.6.853
None. 8. van Duijnhoven FH, Rovers JP, Engelmann K, et al.
Photodynamic therapy with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(m-
Funding hydroxyphenyl) bacteriochlorin for colorectal liver
metastases is safe and feasible: Results from a phase I study.
None. Ann Surg Oncol. 2005;12(10):808-816.

Volume 8 Issue 2 (2025) 28 doi: 10.36922/itps.4559