Page 57 - JCAU-6-1

Journal of Chinese
Architecture and Urbanism A study on the spatial characteristics of gara

(iv) Gara formation has been affected by the following Ethics approval and consent to participate
four factors:
 Climate: The courtyard was created that could Not applicable.
separate narrow buildings and thus was suitable Consent for publication
for residential use in tropical regions.
 Economy: Due to insufficient residential land Not applicable.
area and insufficient economy, the triple-bay
haveli evolved into a single-bay gara. Availability of data
 Trade: Because of the need to carry out both Data will be made available from the corresponding author
household and commercial activities within the on reasonable request.
building, a backyard was created, which was
combined with a service space. References
 Colonization: Western colonization introduced Ahmedabad, K. J. (1990). Study and Analysis of an Urban Fabric
Southeast Asian architectural styles, which were Surat City- A Report. School of Architecture. Gujarat: CEPT.
merged with traditional Indian houses, resulting Baradi, M., & Malhotra, M. (2009). GIS Based Mapping of Living
in the formation of gara.
(v) The formation factors of gara: With the emergence of the Heritage of Surat and Rander for Improved Heritage Management.
Ahmedabad: Urban Management Center (UMC).
“Maritime Silk Road,” the maritime pattern in Asia has
evolved from between Asian countries to between Eastern Baradi, M., & Malhotra, M. (2009). Need for Improved
and Western countries. While participating in Asian Documentation and Listing for Improved Heritage
trade competitions, Western colonizers also promoted Management and Inner City in Cities of India. AAPSA
Journal.
architectural innovation. From the establishment of
the Straits Settlements to the independent autonomy of Baradi, M., Malhotra, M. (2009). At the Core Understanding
each colony, the spread and evolution of the shophouse the Built Heritage of Surat and Rander. Taiwan: Urban
took approximately two centuries. After entering Surat, Management Center (UMC), Surat Municipal Corporation.
Western colonizers introduced the architectural style Bera, A. T. (2020). Glimpses of Indian Traditional Architecture.
of the shophouse and integrated it with the traditional International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology,
Indian residence haveli, forming gara while adapting to 7, 4208.
the local climate and environment. Chen, Z. H. (1998). Preliminary Discussion on Xiamen Arcade
Architecture. China: Huaqiao University Press.
Acknowledgments
Desai, M. (1985). Traditional Architecture; House Form of
None. the Islamic Community of Bohras, (Unpublished Thesis,
Ahmedabad, School of Architecture). Gujarat: CEPT.
Funding
Eddy, F., Lindarto, D., Harisdani, D. D., & Abdillah, W. (2020).
This study was supported by The National Natural Science The Shophouse facade as a former of Medan city character
Foundation of China (52078135) – “Research on the identity. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental
Spatial Organization Form and Formation Mechanism of Science, 452, 012043.
Traditional Residential Buildings along the Haisi Road https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/452/1/012043
Based on Gene Map Identification.”
Gokhale, B. G. (1978). Scandinavian institute of Asian studies
th
Conflict of interest monograph series No.28. In: Surat in the 17 Century Study
in Urban History of Pre-Modern India. London: Curzon Press.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Gupta, D. A. (1979). Indian Merchants and Decline of Surat c.
Author contributions 1700-1750, Weisbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag.
Conceptualization: Chong Zhao, Lu Zhang, Kui Zhao, Han, W., & Beisi, J. A. (2015). Morphological study of traditional
shophouse in China and Southeast Asia. Procedia-Social and
Guoqianzhen Gan Behavioral Sciences, 179, 237-249.
Formal analysis: Chong Zhao, Lu Zhang
Investigation: Chong Zhao, Lu Zhang https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.427
Methodology: Chong Zhao Kinariwala, D. Y. (2012). Walled City of Surat History, Settlement
Writing – original draft: Chong Zhao and Architecture. London: Lambert Academic Publishing
Writing – review & editing: Chong Zhao, Lu Zhang (LAP).

Volume 6 Issue 1 (2024) 13 https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.1979