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Journal of Chinese
            Architecture and Urbanism                                             Hakka settlement in the middle ground



            predominance of nucleated villages and highlighting the   At present, he operates a food shop and works as an agent
            closer relationship between urban and rural areas.  assisting farmers with processing and packaging paddies
              It is common to see these new, typically 2-  or   for sale to city dealers. He and his wife also cultivate paddy
            3-story concrete detached houses representing modern,   and vegetables on their 700 sqm plow, with the majority of
            fashionable  lifestyles dominating the area  along  the   the harvest consumed by their family.
            national highway (Figure  12). A  household observed   He Deyou’s first house was built between 1993 and
            on-site  in the outskirts of He  Xin Wu illustrates how   1995, serving as the current residence for his family at a
            economic activities and house forms have been influenced   cost of approximately ¥120,000 RMB. Located adjacent to
            by the highway. The homeowner, He Deyou, originally   the G358 National Highway, between Zhongxin and Dahu
            lived in He Xin Wu but was compelled to resettle due to the   towns, the ground floor operates as a deli. The 1   floor
                                                                                                        st
            deterioration of the rammed earth buildings 30 years ago.   is the living space for He, his wife, and his mother, while
            He subsequently constructed two new houses (Figure 13).   the 2  floor accommodates their children, who work in
                                                                   nd























                    Figure 12. The generic dwellings in the Middle Ground of the peripheral Pearl River Delta. Source: Photos by the authors (2021)

                         A                                   B











                                                             D
                         C














            Figure 13. Case study of new concrete dwellings in the Middle Ground of the peripheral Pearl River Delta. (A) Photo of Case 1 housing. (B) Plan of Case 1.
            (C) Photo of Case 2 housing. (D) Plan of Case 2. Source: Drawing and photos by the authors (2018)


            Volume 7 Issue 1 (2025)                         10                       https://doi.org/10.36922/jcau.3649
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