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Microbes & Immunity Peptic ulcer disease among adolescent girls

Appendix

Figure A1. Pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease involves both aggressive and defensive factors

Table A1. Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) among adolescents in Africa, as reported in studies published between 2013
and 2024
Symptoms Description
Dyspepsia Dyspepsia may result in gastroscopy, which typically indicates H. pylori* infection. 8
Gastroesophageal reflux symptoms Experiencing persistent heartburn and acid reflux for the past 3 months. 45
Abdominal pain Stomach discomfort or pain can be challenging to manage. 45
Irritable bowel syndrome Abdominal pain or discomfort at any site, combined with reported disturbances in bowel habits. 45
Atypical PUD symptoms Gastrointestinal symptoms such as pain or discomfort, which are common in PUD, may occur. 45
Epigastric pain or discomfort is common Abdominal pain and a sense of fullness after eating symptoms of uncomplicated PUD. 46
Note: *H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori

Table A2. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among
adolescents in Africa, as reported in studies published
between 2013 and 2024
Country Prevalence (%) Age (years) References
Ghana 14.20 7 – 16 35
Cameroon 4.28 <20 47
Uganda 5.10 <18 13
Sudan 8.40 <18 14
Tanzania 20.6 >10 48

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2024) 11 doi: 10.36922/mi.3078