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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing Natural composite filaments for 3D-Print

Table 3. Specification, composition, characteristics, and application of commonly used composite‑based non‑biodegradable
filament materials in the FDM process
S. No. Specification of Composition Characteristics Applications References
composite‑based
non‑biodegradable filaments
1 ABS+jute 5 wt.% of jute fiber Improved the amount of plastic Lightweight 82
deformation – increasing the strength at reinforced filament
fracture by 28%
2 ABS+rice straw composite 5 – 15 wt.% of rice Flexural properties increased at 15 wt.% Cost-effective 78
feedstock filament straw fibers of fiber content; water absorption of the filament to produce
composite increased with increasing fiber low-cost prototypes
content
3 ABS+OPF 5% mass fraction of Filament displayed enhanced tensile Provide a solution 81
OPF strength for cost-effective
fabrication method
4 PC+continuous CF bundles 12k bundles of CF PC with CF displayed a modulus of Applications for 83
were used elasticity which was 85% higher than neat improved and
PC specimens stronger parts
Abbreviations: ABS: Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene; CF: Carbon fiber; OPF: Oil palm fiber; PC: Polycarbonate.

Figure 7. Detailed outline of factors originating from the printer hardware, printing parameters, and filament material composition, which affect the
natural fiber-reinforced composite filaments performance due to a lack of homogeneity, thermal degradation, microstructural changes, and increased
brittleness

deposition of an inhomogeneous mix of filament material voids and microvoids within the composite structure can
are poor layer adhesion and uneven surface layers. The notably affect their mechanical properties. 90,91
63
former, also referred to as interlayer bonding, which can From previous reports, the lack of homogeneity was
be affected by void formation and porosity, was found to found to be exacerbated by the small-sized nozzle located
affect the overall structural homogeneity and strength of at the end of the extruder, which is typically in the range
3D-printed components, 20,89 Moreover, the formation of of 0.05 mm – 0.4 mm, resulting in frequent clogging.
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Volume 4 Issue 1 (2025) 9 doi: 10.36922/msam.8533